The taxonomy of the American Ariadna Audouin (Araneae: Synspermiata: Segestriidae)
Author
Giroti, André Marsola
Author
Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-03-26
4400
1
1
114
journal article
30419
10.11646/zootaxa.4400.1.1
2b7bf048-65d5-4814-bbdb-59d53d15b00e
1175-5326
1207641
59CC08B8-5B13-42EC-943E-C930D7D0DD7F
Ariadna bicolor
(
Hentz, 1842
)
Figures 12‒13
,
67
Pylarus bicolor
Hentz, 1842
: 225
, pl. 8, figs 3‒4 (♂ ♀ syntypes from north Alabama, USA, lost, according to
Beatty, 1970
: 458).
Pylarus pumilus
Hentz, 1842
: 226
, pl. 8, fig. 5 (Immature holotype from North Carolina and north Alabama, lost, according to
Beatty, 1970
: 458).
—
Emerton (1875: 22, Syn.)
.
Ariadna pallida
C. L. Koch, 1843
: 90
, pl. 350, fig. 817 (♀ holotype from Pennsylvania, USA, unknown depository, not examined).‒
Simon (1893a: 322, Syn.)
.—
Petrunkevitch (1911: 131)
.—
Beatty (1970: 459)
.
Pylaris
bicolor
—
Emerton (1875: 21)
.
Ariadne rubella
Keyserling, 1877
: 229
(♀ holotype from New Orleans [29°58'N; 90°03'W], Louisiana, USA, E. Keyserling leg., deposited in NHM 907.1.480, examined).—
Banks (1901: 188, Syn.)
.
Ariadna bicolor
—
Emerton (1876
: 131; 1890: 201, pl. 8, fig. 3; 1902: 23, figs 73‒74).—
Simon (1907: 263, fig. 5)
.—
Kaston (1948: 63, figs 11‒16)
.—
Beatty (1970: 458, figs 38, 42‒43)
.—Platnick
et al.
(2012: 8, figs 36‒45).—
World Spider Catalog (2018)
.
Ariadna pennsylvanica
Simon, 1892
: 556
(lapsus for
A. pallida
).—
Beatty (1970: 458, Nomen nudum, Syn. with
A. pallida
)
.
Ariadna mexicana
Banks, 1898
: 212
(♀ holotype from La Chuparosa [23°34'N; 110°00'W], Baja California, Mexico, N. Banks leg., deposited in MCZ 22044, examined).
—
Beatty (1970: 458, Syn.)
.
Ariadna pragmatica
Chamberlin, 1924
: 606
(♀ holotype from Tepoca Bay [30°15'N; 112°49'W], Sonora, Mexico,
25.IV.1921
, J.C. Chamberlin leg., deposited in CAS 1389, examined).—
Beatty (1970: 463)
.—
World Spider Catalog (2018)
.—
NEW SYNONYMY
.
Ariadna philosopha
Chamberlin, 1924
: 606
(♀ holotype from Isla Partida [24°33'45"N; 110°22'42"W], La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico,
22.IV.1921
, J.C. Chamberlin leg., deposited in CAS 1390, examined; Paratypes: 3 immatures, same data, deposited in CAS 9039597, examined).—
Beatty (1970: 458, Syn.)
.
Ariadna scholastica
Chamberlin, 1924
: 607
(♀ holotype from Patos Island [29°16'14"S; 112°27'16"W], Gulf of California, Mexico,
25.IV.1921
, J.C. Chamberlin leg., deposited in CAS 1391, examined).—
Beatty (1970: 463, Syn. with
A. pragmatica
)
.—
NEW SYNONYMY
.
Synonymy.
Chamberlin (1924)
describes
A. pragmatica
and
A. scholastica
, distinguishing them based on the distance between the posterior median and lateral eyes presented by the
holotypes
. After the
types
examination, this character does not appear to be diagnostic, relatively to others related to the leg macrosetae pattern and the female internal genitalia. Therefore,
A. pragmatica
and
A. scholastica
are here proposed as junior synonyms of
A. bicolor
.
Additional material examined.
USA
:
Massachusetts
State:
Plymouth County
:
Wareham
[
41°45'45"N
;
70°43'20"W
],
1♀
,
20.VI.1961
,
B.J. Kaston
leg. (
USNM
)
;
Bristol County
:
SE of
New Bedford
[
41°27'04"N
;
70°55'20"W
], in
Buzzard Bay
,
Penekese Island
, off stone wall,
3♀
1imm.
,
7.VIII.1923
, R.
E.C.
leg. (
USNM
)
;
Nantucket County
:
Coatue Penninsula
[
41°18'48"N
;
70°03'16"W
],
1♀
2imm.
,
19.XI.1976
,
J. Coddington
leg. (
USNM
)
;
Connecticut
State:
New Haven County
:
Guilford
[
41°17'N
;
72°41'W
],
Yale Biological Station
,
1♀
,
5.IV.1975
,
J. Coddington
leg. (
USNM
)
;
Guilford
,
Leete's Island
[
41°16'58"N
;
72°40'55"W
],
1♀
,
12.IX.1927
,
B.J. Kaston
leg. (
USNM
)
;
Branford
[
41°16'40"N
;
72°47'59"W
],
1♀
,
22.V.1936
,
B.J. Kaston
leg. (
USNM
)
;
California
State:
Los Angeles County
:
Santa Catalina Island
[
33°23'N
;
118°25'W
],
1♀
,
27.V.1921
,
J.C. Chamberlin
leg. (
CAS 9039605
)
;
Missouri
State:
Newton County
:
Neosho
[
36°51'20"N
;
94°22'35"W
],
1♀
,
31.III.1963
,
W. Peck
leg. (
CAS 9039616
)
;
Newtonia
[
36°52'43"N
;
94°10'58"W
],
3♀
,
30.V.1962
,
W. Peck
leg. (
CAS 9039601
)
;
Ozark County
:
1mi
SO.
Zanoni Mill
,
1♀
1imm.
,
16.
X.1
983
,
W. Peck
leg. (
CAS 9039614
)
;
West Virginia
State:
Monongalia County
:
Morgantown
[
39°40'50"
;
79°46'49"W
], WV
Universtity Forest
,
Chestnut Ridge
,
1♂
,
22‒30.V.1989
,
D.T. Jennings
leg. (
USNM
)
;
2♂
,
30.V‒5.VI.1989
(
USNM
)
;
2♀
,
19‒26.VI.1989
(
USNM
)
;
1♀
,
26.VI‒3.VII.1989
(
USNM
)
;
Virginia
State:
Fairfax County
:
MacLean
, C. & O. Canal near
Herzog Island
[
38°58'31"N
;
77°12'47"W
],
1♂
,
18.X.1935
,
E.A. Chapin
leg. (
USNM
)
;
Falls Church
[
38°52'56"N
;
77°10'16"W
],
1♂
1imm.
,
Banks
leg. (
MNHNP-AR 7048
)
;
same locality,
1♀
,
22.II.1935
(
USNM
)
;
Rockbridge County
:
without specific locality,
1♂
,
18.
VI.1926
,
Barrows
leg. (
USNM
)
;
Maryland
State:
Montgomery County
:
Takoma Park
[
38°58'48"N
;
77°00'08"W
],
2♀
,
9.V.1943
,
E.S. Ross
leg. (
CAS 9039506
)
;
Rockville
[
39°05'01"N
;
77°08'54"W
],
1♂
,
23.V.1991
,
W.E. Steinerd
&
J.M. Swearingen
leg. (
USNM
)
;
Chesapeake Bay
[
36°59'45"N
;
75°57'34"W
],
1♂
,
16.IX.1912
(
USNM
)
;
Prince George's County
:
Hyattsville
[
38°57'25"N
;
76°57'05"W
], in a house,
1♂
,
21.IX.1990
,
G. Hormiga
leg. (
USNM
)
;
District of Columbia
:
Washington D. C.
[
38°53'42"N
;
77°02'11"W
],
1♂
,
9.IX.1969
,
Dr. J. Stuart
leg. (
USNM
)
;
2♂
2imm.
(
USNM
)
;
Arizona
State:
Coconino County
:
3mi
. NE.
Sedona
,
Oak Creek Canyon
[
34°54'45"N
;
111°43'37"W
],
1♀
,
17.XI.1988
,
C.P. Kistensen
leg. (
CAS 9039608
)
;
Pima County
:
Tucson
[
32°13'18"N
;
110°55'35"W
],
Ajo Way in Tucson Mts.
, saguaro palo verde desert,
2♀
,
1.VIII.1988
,
D. Richman
leg. (
USNM
)
;
New Mexico
State:
Otero County
:
Mountain Park
[
32°57'02"N
;
105°49'29"W
],
1♀
,
26.VIII.1960
,
E.S. Ross
leg. (
CAS 9039525
)
;
Texas
State:
Willianson County
:
3 mi
S. of
Taylor
off highway
Tex.
95 [
30°34'21"N
;
97°25'00"W
],
2♀
,
27.IV.1960
,
D. Campbell
&
P.R. Craig
leg. (
CAS 9039533
)
;
Travis County
:
Austin
[
30°15'N
;
97°45'W
],
1♀
,
1‒10.VIII.1945
,
D.L.F.
&
H.E.F.
leg. (
CAS 9039609
)
;
Bastrop County
:
2 mi
W.
Cedar Crk.
[
30°05'11"N
;
97°30'05"W
],
1♀
,
16.I.1969
,
B. Vogel
leg. (
USNM
)
;
Cameron County
:
Brownsville
[
25°55'49''N
;
97°29'04''W
],
Palm Groove
,
1♀
,
28.IX.1942
,
W.S. Ross
leg. (
CAS 9039558
)
;
Arkansas
State:
Washington County
:
Fayetteville
[
36°04'35"N
;
94°09'39"W
],
1♀
,
V.1968
,
Lowarren
leg. (
CAS 9039613
)
;
Louisiana
State:
New Orleans
[
29°58'N
;
90°03'W
],
1♀
,
30.I.1942
,
E.S. Ross
leg. (
CAS 9039522
)
;
Alabama
State:
Cleburne County
:
Cheaha State Park
(
33°29'N
;
85°49'W
),
1♀
,
VII.1984
(
USNM
)
;
Georgia
State:
Chatahoochee County
:
Cusseta
[
32°18'20"N
;
84°46'37"W
],
1♀
,
10.IV.1960
,
D. Campbell
&
P.R. Craig
leg. (
CAS 9039549
)
;
North Carolina
,
Colorado
,
Louisiana States
:
without specific locality and date,
2♂
45♀
13imm.
,
Morr
leg. (
MNHNP-AR 7043
)
;
Without specific information:
North America
,
1♀
(
NHM
90.7.1.481
)
;
Washington
,
1♀
(
NHM
90.7.1.482
)
;
MEXICO
:
Baja California del Norte
State:
Ensenada
,
Isla Cedros
[
28°10'58"N
;
115°13'04"W
],
1♀
,
22.II.1945
,
B. F.O. Tafall
leg. (
AMNH
)
;
Baja California del Sur
State:
Sierra Laguna
[
23°34'N
;
110°00'W
], 17 air mi. ENE
Todos Santos
6000',
2♀
5imm.
,
12‒18.XII.1979
,
C.E. Griswold
leg. (
CAS 9039538
)
;
Isla San Diego
[
25°12'01"N
;
110°41'53"W
],
1♀
,
27.V.1921
,
J.C. Chamberlin
leg. (
CAS 9039615
)
;
Isla San Francisco
, E. part [
24°50'N
;
110°35'W
],
1♀
,
27.III.1971
,
V.F. Lee
leg. (
CAS 9
039519)
.
Diagnosis.
Ariadna bicolor
is similar to
A. pilifera
,
A. comata
and
A. weaveri
due to the morphology of the palp (
Figs 13A‒B
,
28A‒B
,
42A‒B
) and macrosetae pattern of the tibia II of females, but differ by the presence of males with the metatarsi I with two lateral conical apophyses, one on each side, bearing no macrosetae (
Fig. 12C‒E
) and females presenting the dorsal lobe longer than the ventral lobe (
Fig. 13C‒D
).
Description. Male (Rockville—USNM).
Carapace and chelicerae brownish orange (
Fig. 12A
). Endites orange; labium dark orange. Sternum orange with darker margins, and three pairs of dark marginal areas (
Fig. 12B
). Palps light brownish orange (
Fig. 13A‒B
). Legs brownish orange with pairs I‒II darker (
Fig. 12C‒E
). Abdomen grey dorsal and ventrally, lighter laterally (
Fig. 12A‒B
). Total length 5.6; carapace 2.88 long, 2.08 wide. Chelicerae not projected (
Fig. 12A
). Palps: tibia slightly incrassated, with the dorso-ventral diameter about the same as half of the bulb, sometimes with a prolateral macrosetae; bulb sub-rectangular, mid-portion and embolus of almost equal lengths; embolus tubular, curved and tapered (
Fig. 13A‒B
). Legs: robust and sparsely coated with setae (
Fig. 12C‒E
); tibia I with the one distal ventro-retrolateral macrosetae lanceolated (
Fig. 12D
); tarsal brush of putative chemosensory setae present on legs I‒IV, but reduced in pair I. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I, femur 2.96, patella 1.0, tibia 2.52, metatarsus 2.28, tarsus 0.88, total 9.64; II, 2.84, 1.0, 2.56, 2.4, 0.72, 9.52; III, 2.12, 0.88, 1.6, 1.72, 0.64, 6.96; IV, 2.6, 1.04, 2.08, 1.92, 0.64, 8.28. Macrosetae: I, femur D0-0-0-1/ 0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-0-2/1-1-0; tibia P1-0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp1-0-1-0-0-0, vr1-1-0-1-0-1-0-1(lanceolated/apophysis), R1-0- 1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus P0-0-1-0-0-0-0, vp1-0-0-1-0-0-1, vr0-0-0-1-0-0-1 (
Fig. 12C‒E
); II, femur D0-1-1-1-0-1-0, P0-0-0-0-0-1-0; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp0-0-0-0-1/0-0-1, vr2-0-1-0-1-0-1, R0-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus P0-1-0-0-0- 0-0, vp1-0-0-1-0-0-1, vr1-0-0-1-0-0-1, R0-1-0-0-1-0-0; IV, femur D0-1-1-1-0-0-0, R0-0-0-0-0-1-0; metatarsus P0- 1/0-0-0-0-1-1, vp0-0-1-0-0-0-1, vr metatarsal comb with 3 setae.
Female (
2 mi
W. Cedar Crk.—USNM).
Carapace and chelicerae dark brownish orange, with the cephalic region and chelicerae darker (
Fig. 12F
). Endites brownish orange; labium dark brownish orange. Sternum brownish orange with darker margins, and three pairs of dark marginal areas (
Fig. 12G
). Palps orange, gradually darkening to distal direction. Legs brownish orange with pairs I‒II darker (
Fig. 12H‒I
). Abdomen as in male (
Fig. 12F‒G
). Total length 10.0; carapace 4.56 long, 2.92 wide. Carapace with wavy margins; cephalic region elevated. Chelicerae as in male (
Fig. 12F
). Legs: robust and densely coated with setae; legs I‒II with ventro-prolateral and ventro-retrolateral tibial macrosetae of similar size, and metatarsal macrosetae of different size (
Fig. 12H‒I
). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III.
FIGURE 12.
Ariadna bicolor
(Hentz, 1842)
. Male from Rockville (USNM) (A‒E): Habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); Left leg I, prolateral view (C) and retrolateral (D), arrowhead = lanceolated macroseta; Left metatarsus I, ventral view (E). Female from 2 mi W. Cedar Crk. (USNM) (F‒I): Habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral view (G); Right leg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar: 1mm.
FIGURE 13.
Ariadna bicolor
(Hentz, 1842)
. Male from Hyattsville (USNM) (A‒B): Left palp, prolateral (A) and retrolateral view (B). Female from Sierra Laguna (CAS 9039538) (C‒D): Internal genitalia, lateral view (C); Anterior receptaculum, ventral view (D).
Leg measurements: I, femur 3.12, patella 1.52, tibia 2.32, metatarsus 2.2, tarsus 0.68, total 9.84; II, 2.8, 1.52, 2.4, 2.12, 0.68, 9.52; III, 2.32, 1.28, 1.6, 1.64, 0.6, 7.44; IV, 2.92, 1.56, 2.24, 1.72, 0.64, 9.08. Macrosetae: I, femur P0- 0-0-0-1-0-0/1-0; tibia vp1-0-1-0-1-0-1, vr1-0-1-0-1-0-1; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1/0-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 (
Fig. 12H‒I
); II, femur P0-0-0-0-0/1-1-0-0; tibia vp0-0-0-0-0-1-1, vr1-0-1-0-1-0-1; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1/0-1-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-0/1-1-1-1; IV, metatarsus vp0-0-0-0-0-0-1, vr metatarsal comb with 3 macrosetae. Internal genitalia: anterior receptaculum with expanded ventral lobe, glandular plate located in the median region of the receptaculum and expanded in the proximal region (
Fig. 13C‒D
).
Variation.
Male (n=10): total lenght 5.2‒7.36; carapace 2.8‒3.76 long, 2.0‒2.68 wide; femur I 2.8‒3.96. Female (n=10): total lenght 7.68‒10.48; carapace 3.2‒4.56 long, 2.0‒2.92 wide; femur I 2.24‒3.32
Distribution.
Southeast and southwest of
USA
, and north and northwest of
Mexico
(
Fig. 67
).