Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with description of eleven new species
Author
Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Author
Huber, John T.
Author
Logarzo, Guillermo A.
Author
Berezovskiy, Vladimir V.
Author
Aquino, Daniel A.
text
Zootaxa
2010
2010-05-14
2456
1
243
journal article
32054
10.5281/zenodo.894928
77799ae7-9459-43e9-af68-c88aa98852a5
1175-5326
894928
Subgenus
Gonatocerus
(
Cosmocomoidea
Howard, 1908
), stat. rev.
Cosmocomoidea
Howard 1908
: 68
. Type species:
Cosmocomoidea morrilli
Howard
, by monotypy.
Ooctonus
Haliday
:
Girault 1929
: 20
.
Lymaenon
(
Cosmocomoidea
Howard
):
Ogloblin 1959b
: 50
–56;
Annecke & Doutt 1961
: 4
.
Gonatocerus
(
Gonatocerus
Nees
): De Santis 1967: 103–105 (in part).
Gonatocerus
(
Cosmocomoidea
Howard
): De Santis 1967: 106.
Lymaenon
Walker
(
longicauda
species group):
Viggiani 1969
: 39 (except
Oophilus longicauda
Enock
[as
Lymaenon longicauda
(Enock)
, a synonym of
G.
(
Lymaenon
)
acuminatus
(Walker)
] and
G.
(
Lymaenon
)
thyrides
(Debauche)
, and also
G.
(
Gastrogonatocerus
)
membraciphagus
Ogloblin
).
Gonatocerus
Nees
(
ater
species group):
Matthews 1986
: 216
(key), 220;
Huber 1988
: 30
, 48–51;
Yoshimoto 1990
; 38;
Zeya & Hayat 1995
: 62
–63.
Diagnosis.
Face with subantennal sulci usually close together at mouth margin; back of head without sutures but sometimes (in the
bucculentus
subgroup of the
ater
species group) gena constricted next to eye by round or oval sulcus extending from mouth opening to above foramen magnum; pronotum longitudinally divided into two lobes that abut medially (except entire in the
masneri
species group); dorsellum triangular to rhomboidal, rarely almost straplike; propodeum almost always with 2 submedian carinae present and well developed, but in some
bucculentus
subgroup species the carinae very fine (only traces are visible) or apparently absent; female funicle 8-segmented; forewing relatively broad and setae behind venation absent or, if present behind marginal and stigmal veins, not as dense or as uniformly distributed as beyond venation except in the
chusqueicolus
subgroup and one species in the
morrilli
subgroup (
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
cuscus
Triapitsyn
sp. n.
) of the
ater
species group where they are as dense as elsewhere; ovipositor not exserted beyond apex of gaster or, if so, usually only very slightly exserted.
Gonatocerus
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
is by far the most diverse and speciose subgenus of
Gonatocerus
in the Neotropical region. Most species are clearly identified as belonging in this subgenus, but a few are very similar to members of
G.
(
Gonatocerus
) and their placement in
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
) is therefore somewhat arbitrary. In the Neotropical region, the subgenus can be conveniently divided into two species groups, one of which is further subdivided into four subgroups, with their diagnostic features and included taxa as follows.
Ater
species group. Pronotum divided into two abutting lobes ― 51 described species, including the taxa newly described herein, in the following four subgroups.
Ater
subgroup. Propodeum lateral to submedian carinae smooth to slightly rugose, but without transverse wrinkles, carinae, or punctures ― 21 described species:
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
abbreviatus
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
ashmeadi
Girault
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
atriclavus
Girault
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
brachyurus
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
caudatus
Ogloblin
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
concinnus
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
flagellaris
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
garchamp
Triapitsyn
sp. n.
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
gracilicornis
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
inflatiscapus
Huber
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
logarzoi
Triapitsyn
sp. n.
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
maculipennis
(Ashmead)
comb. n.
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
metanotalis
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
mumu
Triapitsyn
sp. n.
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
nigrithorax
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
novifasciatus
Girault
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
portoricensis
Dozier
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
rufescens
(Ashmead)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
triangulifer
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
triguttatus
Girault
, and
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
uat
Triapitsyn.
Bucculentus
subgroup. Head posteriorly with round or oval sulcus separating genae from occiput ― 9 described species:
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
bonariensis
(Brèthes)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
bucculentus
Huber
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
dolichocerus
Ashmead
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
flagellatus
Huber
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
inauditus
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
nasutus
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
nigriflagellum
(Girault)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
parcepilosus
(Ogloblin)
, and
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
quadrivittatus
Dozier
[subgroup placement of this species is tentative].
Chusqueicolus
subgroup. Forewing with setae behind venation extending uniformly to base of marginal vein, as dense as elsewhere on the wing ― 4 described species:
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
blesticus
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
carahuensis
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
chusqueicolus
(Ogloblin)
, and
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
schajovskoii
(Ogloblin)
.
Morrilli
subgroup. Propodeum lateral to submedian carinae with transverse wrinkles, carinae, or longitudinal rows of punctures ― 17 described species:
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
annulicornis
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
barbos
Triapitsyn
sp. n.
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
blefuscu
Triapitsyn
sp. n.
[subgroup placement of this species is tentative],
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
coxalis
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
cuscus
Triapitsyn
sp. n.
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
deleoni
Triapitsyn, Logarzo & Virla
[subgroup placement of this species is tentative],
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
gerasim
Triapitsyn
sp. n.
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
grandis
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
helavai
Yoshimoto
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
kiskis
Triapitsyn
sp. n.
[subgroup placement of this species is tentative],
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
morrilli
(Howard)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
quirogai
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
rakitovi
Triapitsyn
sp. n.
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
seminiger
(Ogloblin)
,
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
tuberculifemur
(Ogloblin)
[subgroup placement of this species is tentative],
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
virlai
Triapitsyn, Logarzo
& de León, and
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
walkerjonesi
Triapitsyn.
Masneri
species group. Pronotum entire ― 2 described species, including the taxon newly described herein:
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
hispaniolus
Triapitsyn & Huber
sp. n.
, and
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
masneri
Yoshimoto.
Distribution.
Almost cosmopolitan (absent in the Australian region but introduced, either accidentally or purposely, into various oceanic islands, e.g. Hawaiian Islands,
French Polynesia
, Easter Island).
Hosts.
Cicadellidae
(mostly),
Membracidae
, and possibly
Flatidae
.
Comments.
The specimens of
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
latipennis
Girault
, mentioned by
Huber (1988)
and then cited by
De Santis & Fidalgo (1994)
from Mexico, are all from the Nearctic part of that country, as follows: NUEVO LEÓN: Municipio Guadalupe, Rincón de la Sierra,
11.vii.1983
, A. González-Hernández [1 ♂, UCRC]; Parque Ecológico Chipinque (near Monterrey),
2.xi.1982
, J.T. Huber, A. González-Hernández [2 ♂, UCRC].
Likewise, the records of
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
capitatus
Gahan
, mentioned by
De Santis (1979)
and
Huber (1988)
from Mexico, are all from the Nearctic part of that country.