<document id="941C189972C76E00E81F8079A0DD5BDA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFC6EF666A8AFA01FD45F8D4" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Leptoconops (Holoconops) whitseli Clastrier and Wirth" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="61BD1EB44C15547E6E0148374486B778">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="578E582F2D804B92CB57A068A0C1E10C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="991AF9FCF66564F6FC33DCE0F8F49E8A">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5AF1871EE9F18E7180D9D5FAF4D319F6">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="BE9A069E875DA9884A2426ECE2C68611">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F0FC716CC53C80E7EE56E79C0AC4A412">
<mods:date id="FB0D3FF5A71DDB6D1A0756CCBBA1B682">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EA54733A6E860ECC34570FC715A0EEBE">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0B137BBC46780BB951A27B3747A1FED3">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CFAA26E752BD8FE5FC99CDA01DEAE88F">907</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BD730FD2F39C5599C13E0ACCBA4970A6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="23B8C82EB6BD17C5DF7334C1D7D259B2" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4A759DFCF1CD19B355447C9EF4B65CA3" type="ZooBank">CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="E8511E53FFC6EF666A8AFA01FD45F8D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFC6EF666A8AFA01FD45F8D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFC6EF666A8AFA01FD45F8D4" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFC6EF666A8AFA01FCB5FA3A" box="[192,889,1473,1502]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC6EF666A8AFA01FCB5FA3A" blockId="26.[192,889,1473,1502]" box="[192,889,1473,1502]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="3B0F1829FFC6EF666A8AFA01FCB5FA3A" box="[192,889,1473,1502]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC6EF666A8AFA01FCB5FA3A" ID-CoL="8CHVM" authority="Clastrier and Wirth" authorityName="Clastrier and Wirth" box="[192,889,1473,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitseli" subGenus="Holoconops">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666A8AFA01FCB5FA3A" bold="true" box="[192,889,1473,1502]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666A8AFA01FE91FA3A" bold="true" box="[192,349,1474,1502]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Leptoconops</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666B24FA02FDCCFA3A" bold="true" box="[366,512,1473,1502]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Holoconops</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF66685BFA02FDBFFA3A" bold="true" box="[529,627,1473,1502]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">whitseli</emphasis>
Clastrier and Wirth
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFC6EF666AAAFA2EFB8EF9A6" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC6EF666AAAFA2EFA6CF9E0" blockId="26.[224,1440,1516,1602]" box="[224,1440,1516,1540]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFC6EF666AAAFA2EFA6CF9E0" box="[224,1440,1516,1540]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFC6EF666AAAFA2EFCB9F9E0" author="Clastrier J &amp; Wirth WW" box="[224,885,1516,1540]" page="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" year="1978">
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC6EF666AAAFA2EFCB9F9E0" ID-CoL="8CHVM" authority="Clastrier and Wirth, 1978: 20" authorityName="Clastrier and Wirth" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1978" box="[224,885,1516,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitseli" subGenus="Holoconops">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666AAAFA2EFE91F9E0" box="[224,349,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Leptoconops</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666B26FA2FFE2DF9E0" box="[364,481,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Holoconops</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666BBAFA2FFDF1F9E0" box="[496,573,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">whitseli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC6EF66680EFA2FFCB9F9E0" author="Clastrier J &amp; Wirth WW" box="[580,885,1516,1540]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref128879" refString="Clastrier J, Wirth WW. 1978. The Leptoconops kerteszi complex in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1573: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1978">Clastrier and Wirth, 1978: 20</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(key; female, male, pupa; fig. female antenna, palpus,
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC6EF666B4BF9C8FB8EF9A6" blockId="26.[224,1440,1516,1602]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
spermathecae, male fore tarsomere 1, genitalia, palpus, pupal respiratory horn, abdominal segments; 
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC6EF666F44F9C8FAB7F9C7" box="[1294,1403,1547,1571]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">California</collectingRegion>
). 
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC6EF666AAAF9E8FE7DF9A6" ID-CoL="8CHTL" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1908" box="[224,433,1578,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerteszi">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666AAAF9E8FE7DF9A6" box="[224,433,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Leptoconops kerteszi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, misidentified: 
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC6EF66681AF9E9FC4FF9A6" author="Whitsel RH &amp; Schoeppner RF" box="[592,899,1578,1602]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" pagination="403 - 410" refId="ref142264" refString="Whitsel RH, Schoeppner RF. 1965. The attractiveness of carbon dioxide to female Leptoconops torrens Tns., and L. kerteszi Kieff. Mosquito News 25: 403 - 410." type="journal article" year="1965">Whitsel and Schoeppner 1965</bibRefCitation>
(attractant study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFC6EF666A8AF991FCEFF8E2" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC6EF666A8AF991FB94F98A" blockId="26.[192,1112,1618,1646]" box="[192,1112,1618,1646]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666A8AF991FE90F988" bold="true" box="[192,348,1618,1644]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</emphasis>
Coastal 
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC6EF666BF4F990FDFEF989" box="[446,562,1619,1645]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">California</collectingRegion>
beaches (Monterey and 
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFC6EF66690FF990FC2FF989" box="[837,995,1619,1645]" country="Honduras" name="Santa Barbara" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Santa Barbara</collectingRegion>
counties).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC6EF666A8AF9BEFB33F973" blockId="26.[192,1279,1661,1687]" box="[192,1279,1661,1687]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666A8AF9BEFEBEF973" bold="true" box="[192,370,1661,1687]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Larval ecology.</emphasis>
Immatures have been reared from ocean beach sand (
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC6EF66699EF9BEFB38F973" author="Clastrier J &amp; Wirth WW" box="[980,1268,1661,1687]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref128879" refString="Clastrier J, Wirth WW. 1978. The Leptoconops kerteszi complex in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1573: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1978">Clastrier and Wirth 1978</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC6EF666A8AF964FCEFF8E2" blockId="26.[192,1441,1703,1800]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666A8AF964FEB4F925" bold="true" box="[192,376,1703,1729]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Adult behavior.</emphasis>
Males have been collected from Umbelliferae flowers (
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFC6EF6669AFF964FAC4F925" author="Clastrier J &amp; Wirth WW" box="[997,1288,1703,1729]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref128879" refString="Clastrier J, Wirth WW. 1978. The Leptoconops kerteszi complex in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1573: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1978">Clastrier and Wirth 1978</bibRefCitation>
). Little else is known about the biology of this species other than that the mandibular and lacinial teeth on the female and attraction to CO 
<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFC6EF666B30F939FE4EF8EC" attach="left" box="[378,386,1786,1800]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">2</subScript>
indicate it feeds on vertebrate blood.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFC6EF666A8AF8D5FD45F8D4" box="[192,649,1814,1841]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFC6EF666A8AF8D5FD45F8D4" blockId="26.[192,649,1814,1841]" box="[192,649,1814,1841]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666A8AF8D5FEFCF8D4" bold="true" box="[192,304,1814,1840]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</emphasis>
No 
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFC6EF666B15F8D4FE1DF8D4" box="[351,465,1814,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Leptoconops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitseli">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666B15F8D4FEA2F8D4" box="[351,366,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="528C7357FFC6EF666B36F8D5FE1DF8D4" box="[380,465,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">whitseli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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