Taxonomic revision of the seasonal South American killifish genus Simpsonichthys (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae). Author Wilson J. E. M. Costa text Zootaxa 2007 1669 1 134 http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F23FABE8-719E-4F7E-B225-A9C5D45CCFCE journal article z01669p001 Simpsonichthys flammeus species group Diagnosis Distinguished from the remaining species groups of Hypsolebias in having a long posterior process of the supraoccipital (vs. short) and elongated anal fin in females (vs. short). Included species Simpsonichthys marginatus Costa & Brasil, S. delucai Costa, S. alternatus (Costa & Brasil), S. fasciatus Costa & Brasil, S. multiradiatus (Costa & Brasil), S. flammeus (Costa), and S. brunoi Costa. Distribution Upper and middle rio Tocantins basin and middle rio Sao Francisco basin (Fig. 4). Key to species of the S. flammeus group 1a. Pelvic fins short, reaching base of first five anal-fin rays in males; caudal fin with dark red bars in males; entire flanks with bars in males; no black and blue border on dorsal and anal fins in males. .................................................................................................................................................................2 1b. Pelvic fins long in adult males, reaching base of 10th anal-fin ray in males; caudal fin without bars in males; posterior portion of flank without bars in males; black and blue border on dorsal and anal fins in males..................................................................................................................... S. marginatus 2a(1a). Anal fin pointed in males.......................................................................................................................5 2b(1a). Anal fin rounded in males......................................................................................................................3 3a(2b). Dorsal fin rounded in males; dorsal fin with bars on basal portion and spots on distal portion in males. ................................................................................................................................... S. delucai 3b(2b). Dorsal fin pointed in males; whole dorsal fin with bars in males.........................................................4 4a(3b). Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 3rd, 4th or 5th anal-fin rays; red distal stripe on dorsal fin in males................................................................................................................................... S. alternatus 4b(3b). Dorsal-fin origin on vertical anterior to anal-fin origin or on vertical through base of 1st or 2nd anal-fin rays; dark gray to black distal stripe on dorsal fin in males.............. ................................................................................................................................................ S. fasciatus 5a(2a). Filamentous rays along whole distal border of dorsal fin in males; 18-23 dorsal-fin rays in males; dorsal fin with transverse bars in males.....................................................................................................5 5b(2a). Filamentous rays restricted to dorsal-fin tip in males; 25-28 dorsal-fin rays in males; dorsal fin with light spots in males......................................................................................................... S. multiradiatus 6a(5a). Dorsal-fin rays 20-23 in males; dorsal-fin base 39.2-42.6% SL in males; body depth 38.9-40.3 in males; no dark zones on dorsal fin in males; anterodorsal scales of flanks with red margin in males. ................................................................................................................................... S. flammeus 6b(5a). Dorsal-fin rays 18-20 in males; dorsal-fin base 34.7-38.5% SL in males; body depth 36.1-37.5 in males; dark gray spot on anterior portion of dorsal fin in males; no red mark on flank. .................................................................................................................................................... S. brunoi