Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories Author Guglielmone, Alberto A. 0000-0001-5430-2889 guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar Author Nava, Santiago 0000-0001-7791-4239 nava.santiago@inta.gob.ar Author Robbins, Richard G. 0000-0003-2443-5271 robbinsrg@si.edu text Zootaxa 2023 2023-03-07 5251 1 1 274 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1 journal article 235222 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1 43227427-a867-4744-9e4c-2b2302524890 1175-5326 7704190 3326BF76-A2FB-4244-BA4C-D0AF81F55637 24. Hyalomma scupense Schulze, 1919 . Oriental: 1) India , 2) Pakistan (east); Palearctic: 1) Afghanistan , 2) Albania , 3) Algeria , 4) Armenia , 5) Azerbaijan, 6) Bosnia and Herzegovina , 7) Bulgaria , 8) China (north), 9) Croatia , 10) Egypt , 11) France , 12) Georgia, 13) Greece , 14) Iran , 15) Iraq , 16) Israel , 17) Italy , 18) Jordan , 19) Kazakhstan , 20) Kyrgyzstan , 21) Libya , 22) Moldova , 23) Montenegro , 24) Morocco , 25) Nepal (north and central), 26) North Macedonia, 27) Pakistan (west), 28) Palestine , 29) Romania , 30) Russia , 31) Serbia , 32) Spain , 33) Syria , 34) Tajikistan , 35) Tunisia , 36) Turkey , 37) Turkmenistan , 38) Ukraine , 39) Uzbekistan (Hoogstraal & Keirans 1958b, Kaiser & Hoogstraal 1963 , 1964 , Keirans 1985 b , Geevarghese & Dhanda 1987, Saliba et al. 1990 , Cringoli et al. 2005 , Apanaskevich et al. 2010, Chen et al. 2010 , Keysary et al. 2011 , Bursali et al. 2012 , Fedorova 2012 , Krčmar 2012 , Gharbi et al. 2014 , Shubber et al. 2014 , Estrada-Peña et al. 2017 , Karim et al. 2017 , Hosseini-Chegeni et al. 2019 , Perfilyeva et al. 2020 , Tsapko 2020 , Zhao et al. 2021 ). Hyalomma scupense has proved to be a controversial species, with numerous records published under the names Hyalomma detritum , Hyalomma detritum scupense and, to a lesser extent, Hyalomma scupense detritum , but there are many other synonyms of this species (Apanaskevich et al. 2010, Guglielmone & Nava 2014 ). Several authors have treated Hyalomma scupense and Hyalomma detritum as different species, and some workers, such as Wang, Q. et al. (2021) and Kassiri & Nasirian (2021) , to cite just two examples, still maintain that both Hyalomma scupense and Hyalomma detritum are valid. Hyalomma scupense is listed as found in Oman by Apanaskevich et al. (2010), Gharbi et al. (2014) and Guglielmone & Robbins (2018) , but not by Kolonin (2009) and Burridge (2011 , under the name Hyalomma detritum ). No records of this tick from Oman were found during this analysis, and we provisionally exclude Oman from the range of this tick. Kolonin (2009) questioned the presence of Hyalomma scupense in Sudan , and Guglielmone et al. (2014) stated that it is uncertain whether the specimens found there, and classified as Hyalomma detritum by Hoogstraal (1956a) , were of local origin. Consequently, Sudan is not included within this species’ range. Gargili et al. (2017) included Hyalomma scupense as a tick found in Kenya based on a reference that does not support this statement, while Chepkwony et al. (2021) also reported Hyalomma scupense from Kenya , a record that requires confirmation, as does the report of this tick (under the name Hyalomma detritum ) from the Ivory Coast by Adjogoua et al. (2021) .