Two new species and the molecular phylogeny of eight species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes: Macrostomorpha) from southern China Author Lin, Yi-Tao Author Feng, Wei-Tao Author Xin, Fan Author Zhang, Lv Author Zhang, Yu Author Wang, An-Tai text Zootaxa 2017 2017-10-19 4337 3 423 435 journal article 31797 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.7 406c81a1-0a29-444b-93b6-09b36cf6949d 1175-5326 1025022 DC8D40D7-CD12-4165-8988-A342E3635987 Genus Macrostomum Schmidt, 1848 TABLE 2. Taxa sampled, with specimens information and GenBank accession numbers. SPEcIES 18S RDNA 28S RDNA GENBaNK acc.NO. GENBaNK acc.NO. Macrostomum acus SEq.1 (ZDK1) * KY579351 KY579342 Macrostomum acus SEq.2 (ZDK2) * KY579352 KY579343 Macrostomum acus SEq.3 (ZDK3) * KY579353 KY579344 Macrostomum balticum (MTP LS 144) FJ715310 FJ715330 Macrostomum bicaudatum SEq.1 (YDK1) * KY814489 KY652224 Macrostomum bicaudatum SEq.2 (YDK2) * KY814490 KY652225 Macrostomum bicaudatum SEq.3 (YDK3) * KY814491 KY652226 Macrostomum chongqingnese (YL-2016 CQ1) KX769148 KX769150 Macrostomum clavituba (MTP LS 301) FJ715304 FJ715324 Macrostomum dongyuanensis SEq.1 (DYDK1) * KY652215 KY652218 Macrostomum dongyuanensis SEq.2 (DYDK2) * KY652216 KY652219 Macrostomum dongyuanensis SEq.2 (DYDK3) * KY652217 KY652220 Macrostomum finlandense (MTP LS 91) FJ715302 FJ715322 Macrostomum gieysztori (MTP LS 264) FJ715301 FJ715321 Macrostomum heyuanensis SEq.1 (HDK1) * KY814492 KY652221 Macrostomum heyuanensis SEq.2 (HDK2) * KY814493 KY652222 Macrostomum heyuanensis SEq.3 (HDK3) * KY814494 KY652223 Macrostomum hystricinum (MTP LS 278) FJ715311 FJ715331 Macrostomum hystrix (MTP LS 68) FJ715303 FJ715323 Macrostomum kepneri (MTP LS 285) FJ715307 FJ715327 Macrostomum lankouensis n. sp . SEq.1 (LDK1) * KY814495 KY814498 Macrostomum lankouensis n. sp . SEq.2 (LDK2) * KY814496 KY814499 Macrostomum lankouensis n. sp . SEq.3 (LDK3) * KY814497 KY814500 Macrostomum lignano (MTP LS 244) FJ715306 FJ715362 Macrostomum longituba (MTP LS 274) FJ715309 FJ715329 Macrostomum mystrophorum (MTP LS 64) FJ715305 FJ715325 Macrostomum obtuse SEq.1 (DDK1) KY579348 KY579339 Macrostomum obtuse SEq.2 (DDK2) KY579349 KY579340 Macrostomum obtuse SEq.3 (DDK3) KY579350 KY579341 Macrostomum pusillum (MTP LS 112) FJ715313 FJ715333 Macrostomum quiritium (MTP LS 102) FJ715299 FJ715319 Macrostomum qiaochengensis KY008499 KY008502 Macrostomum rubrocinctum KC869789 KC869842 Macrostomum shiyanensis n. sp. SEq1 (SDK1) * KY814504 KY814501 Macrostomum shiyanensis n. sp. SEq2 (SDK2) * KY814505 KY814502 Macrostomum shiyanensis n. sp. SEq3 (SDK3) * KY814506 KY814503 Macrostomum sinensis SEq.1 (ZGDK1) * KY579354 KY579345 Macrostomum sinensis SEq.2 (ZGDK2) * KY579355 KY579346 Macrostomum sinensis SEq.3 (ZGDK3) * KY579356 KY579347 Macrostomum SP. (MTP LS 302) FJ715332 FJ715332 ......continued on the next page Material examined. HOlOTYpE : PLA-MA0040, mOUNTED SpEcImENS. SpEcImENS wErE cOllEcTED bY ZHANg Lv frOm THE SHIYAN RESErvOIr, SHENzHEN, GUANgDONg PrOvINcE , CHINA (2341'03"N, 113 55'06"E). PArATYpE : PLA- MA0041~0044, mOUNTED SpEcImENS. PArATYpE : PLA-MA0045, SErIAl SEcTION. All THE TYpE SpEcImENS ArE DEpOSITED IN IZCAS . TABLE 2. (CONTINUEd)

SPEcIES Macrostomum SP. (CEL-2014) Macrostomum shenzhenensis	18S RDNA GENBaNK acc.NO. KC869790 KY008493	28S RDNA GENBaNK acc.NO. KC869843 KY008496
Macrostomum spirale (MTP LS 227) Macrostomum tuba (MTP LS 586) Macrostomum zhaoqingnese (YL-2016 ZQ1)	FJ715308 KP730496 KX769146	FJ715328 KP730549 KX769153
Macrostomum zhujiangensis (ISOLaTE 1) Austromacrostomum arumoidicornum (MTP LS 638) Bradynectes sterreri (MTP LS 162)	KX771196 KP730495 KP730507	KY359386 KP730541 KP730535
Dolichomacrostomum uniporum (MTP LS 222) Haplopharynx rostratus (MTP LS 591) Microstomum lineare (MTP LS 394)	FJ715295 KP730509 KP730484	FJ715315 KP730527 KP730557
Myozona lutheri (MTP LS 692) Paromalostomum massiliensis (MTP LS 708)	KP730491 KP730506	KP730521 KP730533
* Sequences form this study.
Macrostomum shiyanensis Lin & Wang , n. sp. (FIgS. 1–2)

Etymology. THE NAmE Of THIS NEw SpEcIES IS DErIvED frOm THE NAmE Of THE fIrST cOllEcTION SITE. THE AUTHOrS HAvE AlSO cOllEcTED THE SpEcIES IN DONgHU PArk, SHENzHEN ( N22°33′50″ , E114°08′36″ ) AND HEYUAN, GUANgDONg PrOvINcE (2358'39"N, 115 2'44"E). Description. THE flAT bODY IS mIlkY-wHITE IN cOlOr AND rOD-SHApED wHEN mOvINg. THE lENgTH AND wIDTH Of mATUrE INDIvIDUAl ArE 1,560–2,290 µm AND 260–440 µm (N=9), rESpEcTIvElY ( FIgS. 1A , 3A ). THE bODY HAS DENSE cIlIA (lENgTH: 3–5 µm, N=3) AND SENSOrY HAIrS (1–3 HAIrS AS A bUNDlE, lENgTH: 12 µm, N=6) ON ITS SUrfAcE. NUmErOUS rHAbDITES cOvEr THE SUrfAcE Of wHOlE bODY. THE DISTANcE bETwEEN THE ANTErIOr rOUNDED END AND THE EYES IS 210–260 µm (N=5). IN gENErAl, THE pAIrED rENIfOrm EYES ArE lOcATED AT 12% Of THE bODY lENgTH, AND THE DISTANcE bETwEEN THE EYES IS 12–30 µm (N=5) ( FIgS. 1A , 2A & C , 3A ). THE pHArYNX, 150–290 µm (N=5) lONg, OpENS vENTrAllY pOSTErIOr TO THE EYES. PHArYNgEAl glANDS ArE lOcATED ON EITHEr SIDE Of THE pHArYNX AND EXTEND TO THE ANTErIOr END Of THE INTESTINE ( FIgS. 1B , 2C , 3A ). THE INTESTINE, 670–960 µm (N=5) IN lENgTH, EXTENDS frOm THE pOSTErIOr END Of pHArYNX TO THE ANTErIOr END Of fEmAlE ATrIUm ( FIgS. 1A , 2A , 3A ). ADHESIvE glANDS ArE SITUATED AT THE vENTrAl SUrfAcE Of THE lONg-Arc pOSTErIOr END Of bODY. ( FIgS. 1D , 3F ). THE fEmAlE rEprODUcTIvE SYSTEm cONSISTS Of OvArIES, OvIDUcTS, fEmAlE ATrIUm AND fEmAlE gONOpOrE. THE pAIrED OvArIES ArE lOcATED ON EITHEr SIDE Of THE INTESTINE AT 66% Of bODY lENgTH. ImmATUrE EggS ArE SITUATED IN THE ANTErIOr 50% Of THE OvArIES, fOllOwED bY mATUrE EggS wITH mOrE pIgmENT. FEmAlE ATrIUm wITH NUmErOUS SpErm frOm OTHEr INDIvIDUAlS IS lOcATED AT THE 75% Of THE bODY lENgTH, pOSTErIOr TO THE INTESTINE ( FIgS. 1A , 2A ). FEmAlE gONOpOrE IS SUrrOUNDED rADIAllY bY mANY glANDS AND OpENS AT THE vENTrAl SIDE Of THE fEmAlE ATrIUm. ( FIgS. 2B & D , 3B ). THE mAlE rEprODUcTIvE SYSTEm cONSISTS Of pAIrED TESTES, vAS DEfErENS, A fAlSE vESIcUlA SEmINAlIS, A vESIcUlA SEmINAlIS, A vESIcUlA grANUlOrUm, A pENIS STYlET AND THE mAlE gONOpOrE. THE pAIrED rOD-SHApED TESTES ArE lOcATED ON EITHEr SIDE Of THE INTESTINE AT 33% Of THE bODY lENgTH. IT cONNEcTS pOSTErIOrlY TO THE fAlSE vESIcUlA SEmINAlIS vIA THE vAS DEfErENTIA. THE lONg OvAl-SHApED fAlSE vESIcUlA SEmINAlIS cONNEcTS TO THE vESIcUlA SEmINAlIS AT ITS lEfT SIDE. THE vESIcUlA SEmINAlIS IS AlSO OvAl- SHApED AND cONNEcTS TO THE vESIcUlA grANUlOrUm AT ITS ANTErIOr lEfT SIDE. THE vESIcUlA grANUlOrUm IS pArTIAllY INSErTED INTO THE bASE Of THE pENIS STYlET ( FIgS. 1C , 2B & E , 3B–C ). PENIS STYlET, 160– 170 µm (N=3) IN lENgTH, lOcATED pOSTErIOr TO vESIcUlA grANUlOrUm, AND HAS THrEE bENDS (140° AT 50%, 130° AT 65%, AND 100° AT 90% ANTErIOr pOSITION), AND fOrmS A cOmplEX HOOk-SHApED STrUcTUrE. THE bASE Of pENIS STYlET IS fUNNEl-SHApED AND ITS DIAmETEr IS 29–32 µm (N=3). THE DIAmETEr Of pENIS STYlET grADUAllY DEcrEASES frOm THE bASE TO THE pOSTErIOr 33% pOSITION, wHIlE THE DIAmETEr Of THE DISTAl OpENINg IS 6 µm (N=3). THE mAlE gONOpOrE IS lOcATED pOSTErIOr TO THE pENIS STYlET ( FIgS. 1F–G , 3D ). THE lENgTH Of THE mATUrE SpErm IS 80–90 µm (N=3), wITH NO ObvIOUS bOUNDArY bETwEEN fEElEr AND bODY. THE lENgTH Of THE SHAfT IS 30–34 µm (N=3). THE pAIrED brISTlES, 8–9 µm IN lENgTH (N=3), ArE lOcATED AT THE bOUNDArY bETwEEN bODY AND SHAfT. THE pOSTErIOr END Of THE SpErm IS THINNEr THAN THE bODY AND HAS A clUSTEr Of brUSHES, 3.0– 4.5 µm IN lENgTH (N=3) ( FIgS. 1E , 3E ). FIGURE 1. Macrostomum shiyanensis n. sp. : (A) LIVINg SPEcIMEN, VENTRaL VIEW; (B) aNTERIOR ENd; (C) MaLE cOPULaTORy SySTEM, VENTRaL VIEW; (D) adHESIVE gLaNdS; (E) MaTURE SPERM; (F&G) PENIS STyLET. af : FEMaLE aTRIUM; e : EyES; fvs : FaLSE VESIcULa SEMINaLIS; i : INTESTINE; m : MOUTH; o : OVaRy; p : PHaRyNx; pg : PHaRyNgEaL gLaNdS; ps : PENIS STyLET; t : TESTES; vg : VESIcULa gRaNULORUM; vs : VESIcULa SEMINaLIS Taxonomic comparison. Macrostomum extraculum AX et al ., 1990, AND M. retortum PApI, 1951 ArE mOST SImIlAr TO M. shiyanensis n. sp. IN TErmS Of THE mOrpHOlOgY Of THEIr pENIS STYlET ( TAb. 3 ). IN M. extraculum , THE pENIS STYlET IS 68–72 µm IN lENgTH AND AlSO IS SImIlArlY bENT ON DIffErENT DImENSIONS. THE DIAmETEr AT ITS bASE IS 18– 22 µm AND DEcrEASES grADUAllY frOm THE bASE TO THE pOSTErIOr 50% pOSITION. THE DISTAl END IS SlIgHTlY SwOllEN, wITH AN OpENINg Of 3 µm. AS fOr M. retortum , THE pENIS STYlET IS 1 27–138 µm lONg AND HAS TwO cUrvES. THE pOSTErIOr cUrvE SHOwS AN AcUTE ANglE, wHIlE THE DISTAl END IS SlIgHTlY lIfTED AND THE DIAmETEr Of THE OpENINg IS 3.5 µm. IN cONTrAST, THE pENIS STYlET Of M. shiyanensis n. sp. IS 160–170 µm lONg, wHIlE ITS DIAmETEr grADUAllY DEcrEASES frOm THE bASE TO THE pOSTErIOr 33% pOSITION. THE DISTAl END IS NOT SwOllEN, wHIlE THE DIAmETEr Of THE DISTAl OpENINg IS 6 µm. AccOrDINglY, mOrpHOlOgIcAl cHArAcTErISTIcS Of M. shiyanensis n. sp. ArE DISTINcT frOm THOSE Of THE SImIlAr SpEcIES. THErEfOrE, IT IS EvIDENT THAT M. shiyanensis IS A NEw SpEcIES Of THE gENUS Macrostomum .