A taxonomic revision of Calendula (Asteraceae) in Morocco, including some taxa from Algeria and Tunisia Author Gonçalves, Ana Carla 0000-0002-8085-1336 Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810 - 193, Aveiro, Portugal. & acgoncalves @ ua. pt; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8085 - 1336 acgoncalves@ua.pt Author Ouhammoud, Ahmed 0000-0001-9206-1617 Regional Herbarium MARK’, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), & ouhammou @ uca. ma; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9206 - 1617 ouhammou@uca.ma Author Amirouche, Rachid 0000-0002-3408-8093 Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, USTHB, BP 32 El-Alia, 16 111 Bab-Ezzouar, Alger, Algeria & ramirouche @ usthb. dz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3408 - 8093 ramirouche@usthb.dz Author Santos, Conceição 0000-0003-4129-6381 Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Requinte / LAQV, s / n, 4169 - 007 Porto, Portugal. & csantos @ fc. up. pt; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4129 - 6381 csantos@fc.up.pt Author Figueiredo, Estrela 0000-0002-8511-8213 Ria Olivier Herbarium, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, P. O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031 South Africa. & estrelafigueiredo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8511 - 8213 estrelafigueiredo@gmail.com Author Silveira, Paulo 0000-0002-9253-5381 Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810 - 193, Aveiro, Portugal. & psilveira @ ua. pt; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9253 - 5381 psilveira@ua.pt text Phytotaxa 2023 2023-07-24 605 1 1 83 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.605.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.605.1.1 1179-3163 8181518 6. Calendula meuselii Ohle (1975a: 6) ; Fennane & Ibn Tattou (1998: 23) ; Valdés et al. (2002: 672) ; Ibn Tattou & Fennane (2009: 28) ; Dobignard & Chatelain (2011: 187) ; Gonçalves et al. (2014: 271) . Type:—Plate 1 in Ohle (1975a : Tafel I) ( lectotype designated here ). Description :––Perennial herbs. Stems (15.5) 18.1–44.3 (57) cm long, erect to ascending, densely white-arachnoid pubescent, not viscous. Basal leaves (4.4) 4.6–8.4 (10) × (1.3) 1.4–2.3 (2.4) cm, with (0.2) 0.3–0.5 (0.6) mm thick, oblanceolate to spatulate, apex acute to slightly acuminate, margins entire to sub-entire, densely white-arachnoid pubescent. Capitula solitary, (2) 3.3–3.8 (4.5) cm diameter, concolorous, yellow to orange. Achenes heteromorphic: outer achenes rostrate (12) 14–17 × (1.8) 2–2.3 (3.3) mm, ± straight or slightly curved, without dorsal spines or muricate; middle achenes bialate (9.7) 10.2–11 (11.7) × (4.7) 5.3–7 (7.5) mm, with a rostrum (1.3) 1.7–2.2 (3.3) mm, lateral wings sinuate-dentate, sometimes with a rudimentary ventral wing; inner achenes vermiculate-exalate (5.8) 6.3–7.3 (7.8) × (1.7) 2–2.3 (2.7) mm, falcate with a small ventral wing, or with an apical and/or a basal tooth. Figure 16 . FIGURE 16. Variability of achene morphology of Calendula . A. C. meuselii (Silveira 3063, AVE); B. C. eckerleinii (Silveira 3064, AVE); C. C. oualidii (Silveira & Gonçalves 3339, AVE); D. C. davisii (Silveira & Gonçalves 3263, AVE); E. C. maroccana (Silveira 3144, AVE); F. C. maroccana (Silveira, Gonçalves, & Ouhammou 3295, AVE); G. C. murbeckii (Silveira, Gonçalves, & Ouhammou 3280, AVE); H. C. lanzae (Silveira, Gonçalves, & Ouhammou 3293, AVE); I. C. pinnatiloba (Silveira 3137, AVE); J. C. stellata (Silveira 3137, AVE); K. C. stellata (Silveira 3062, AVE); L. C. tripterocarpa (Silveira 3068, AVE). Rostrate achenes: A1, 2; B1, 2; C1, 2; D1, 2; E1-3; F1, 2; G1-4; H1-2; I1, 2; J1, 2; K1. Bialate achenes: A3, 4; B3, 4; E4, H4-6; K2. Cymbiform achenes: E7, 8; G7; H7, 8; I6; J3, 4; K4, 5; L2, 3. Trialate achenes: B5, 6; C3, 4; D4, 5; E5, 6; F3, 4; G5, 6; I3, 4; L1. Vermiculate-alate achenes: H9; J5; K6; L4. Vermiculate-exalate achenes: A5; B7; B8; C5, 6; D6, 7; E9, 10; F5, 6; G8; H10, I7, J6, K7; L5. All achenes in side view, except: A3, B4, B5, C3, D3, D5, E4, E5, F3, G5, H4, H5, H7, I3, I5, I6, J3, K2, K4, L1 and L2 in ventral face view, and A4, B3, B6, C4, D4, E6, F4, G6, H6, H8, I4, J4, K3, K5 and L3 in ± dorsal face view. Scale bars = 1 cm. FIGURE 17. Variability of achene morphology of Calendula . A. C. suffruticosa subsp. trialata (Silveira & Gonçalves 3267, AVE); B. C. suffruticosa subsp. marsaensis (Silveira & Gonçalves 3268, AVE); C. C. suffruticosa subsp. lusitanica (Silveira & Gonçalves 3269, AVE); D. C. suffruticosa subsp. dersana (Silveira & Gonçalves 3262, AVE); E. C. suffruticosa subsp. hosmarensis (Silveira & Gonçalves 3261, AVE); F. C. suffruticosa subsp. riffensis (Silveira 3341, AVE); G. C. suffruticosa subsp. tazaensis (Silveira & Gonçalves 3334, AVE); H. C. suffruticosa subsp. boccoyana (Silveira & Gonçalves 3266, AVE); I. C. suffruticosa subsp. boccoyana (Silveira & Gonçalves 3340, AVE); J. C. suffruticosa subsp. guruguensis (Silveira & Gonçalves 3265, AVE); K. C. suffruticosa subsp. fulgida (Silveira & Gonçalves 3335, AVE). Rostrate achenes: A1, 2; B1, 2; C1, 2; D1, 2; E1, 2; F1-3; G1, 2; H1, 2; I1, 2; J1, 2; K1-4. Bialate achenes: A3; B3, 4; C3, 4; D3; E3; F4, 5; G3-5. Cymbiform achenes: D4-6; E4, 5; F6, 7; G6, 7; H3, 4; I3, 4; K5, 6. Sub˗cymbiform achenes: B4, E4, E5, J3, J4. Trialate achenes: A4, 5; B5; J3, 4. Exalate achenes: C5, 6. Vermicular-alate achenes: F8; G8; I5; K7. Vermicular-exalate achenes: A6, B6, 7; C7; D7, 8; E6; F9; G9, 10; H5; I6; J5; K8. All achenes in side view, except: A3-5, B3-5, C3-6, D3, D5, E3, E4, F4-7, G3-6, H3, I3, J3, K2, and K5 in ventral face view, and D6, G7, H4, I4, J4, K1, and K6 in ± dorsal face view. Scale bars = 1 cm. FIGURE 18. Variability of achene morphology of Calendula . A. C. suffruticosa subsp. monardii (Silveira, Gonçalves & Amirouche 3316, AVE); B. C. suffruticosa subsp. foliosa (Silveira, Gonçalves & Amirouche 3320, AVE); C. C. suffruticosa subsp. djurdjurensis (Silveira, Gonçalves & Amirouche 3321, AVE); D. C. suffruticosa subsp. tunetana (Silveira 3039d, AVE); E. C. suffruticosa subsp. suffruticosa (Silveira 3038, AVE); F. C. arvensis (S. Castro P35 in Silveira 3078, AVE). Rostrate achenes: A1, 2; B1-3; C1, 2; D1-4; E1, 2; F1, 2. Bialate achenes: B4-6. Trialate achenes: A3, 4; C3-5; D5, 6. Cymbiform achenes: E3-5; F3, 4. Vermicular-alate achenes: A5; D7; E6; F5. Vermiculate-exalate achenes: A6, B7, 8; C6, 7; D8; E7 and F6. All achenes in side view, except: A3, B4, B5, C4, D5, E3, E5 and F3 in ventral face view, and B6, C3, C5, D6, E4 and F4 in ± dorsal face view. Scale bars = 1 cm. Habitat and distribution :— Limestone cliffs at elevations of 650–800 m . It is found in sub-humid to humid Mediterranean bio-climate. Endemic to Massif du Zerhoun , Jbel El – Rherraf near Sidi Kdat , and Jbel Takerma (distribution based on herbarium specimens and literature). Although at MGC there is a specimen collected in Zoumi, we did not find any population in that locality. Figure 13 . Conservation status :—Critically Endangered (CR). This species is threatened by climate change, due to its small-restricted range. Presently only one population is known but based on herbarium specimens there may be others in the Massif of Zerhoun. Nevertheless, recent searches done by others in the area have been unsuccessful. The number of mature individuals is estimated to be <50 based on field observations. Based on the only subpopulation known by the team, the AOO is 4 km 2 , which qualifies the species for CR. Therefore, we propose its conservation status as CR B1ab (i, ii, iv, v) + 2ab (i, ii, iv,v). Chromosome number :— 2n = 18. Genome size :—1.71 ± 0.03 pg. Notes :—Several attempts have been made to find type specimens of Calendula meuselii without success. The holotype cited by Ohle (1975a: 4) is ‘ Marokko , Djebel Zerhoun . leg. Sauvage 1932, Privatherbar Nr. 6235 (Montpellier)’, a collection of Charles Sauvage (1909–1980). Sauvage was a botanist who worked in Morocco and later moved to Montpellier where his herbarium is kept.The specimen was loaned to Ohle but was never returned to Montpellier (Caroline Loup, pers. comm.). Other collections that are cited by Ohle (1975a: 4) are ‘ Zerhoun-Moussoua, Nordnord̂stlich er Djebel Takerma , leg. Sauvage 1932 (RAB), leg. Baillier 1955 (RAB)’. These have also not been found at RAB. In the absence of any specimens, an illustration can be designated as lectotype (Art. 9.12 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018 ). Two plates were published by Ohle (1975a) , Plate 1 (Tafel I) consists of a photograph of the holotype and Plate 2 (Tafel II) represents closeups of an infrutescence and achenes. Plate 1 ( Ohle 1975a : Tafel I) is here designated as lectotype . Calendula meuselii is distinguished from other species in the C. maroccana group by having leaves with very dense white-arachnoid indumentum, and by the absence of cymbiform and vermiculate-alate achenes. The vermiculate-exalate achenes are usually large and falcate.