Two new species and one new record of the genus Tylopilus (Boletaceae) from Indian Himalaya with morphological details and phylogenetic estimations Author Chakraborty, Dyutiparna Author Vizzini, Alfredo Author Das, Kanad text MycoKeys 2018 33 103 124 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.33.23703 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.33.23703 1314-4049-33-103 Tylopilus pseudoballoui K. Das, D. Chakr & Vizzini sp. nov. Figs 5, 6 Type . INDIA. Sikkim, South District, Maenam WLS (Maenum 3), 2136 m alt., N27°15'34.7" E88°21'25.7" , 23 Aug 2017, Quercus spp., D. Chakraborty & K. Das, DC 17-30 (CAL 1651) Diagnosis. Distinct from all allied taxa by sequence data (nrITS and nrLSU) and morphologically by its sticky orange-yellow pileus surface, pale yellow pore surface which turns to pale orange or greyish-orange when bruised and absence of reticulation on stipe surface. Etymology. referring to its being a look-alike of T. balloui , a North American species. Description. Pileus 60-150 mm diam., initially convex then plano-convex, surface sticky, orange-yellow to brownish-yellow (5 B-C 8), paler at margin; margin entire, plain, without any sterile flap of tissue. Pore surface pale yellow (3A3), turning pale orange to greyish-orange (6 A-B 3) on bruising; pores angular, 5-8/mm. Tubes subdecurrent, 6-10 mm long, yellowish-white, brownish on bruising. Stipe 55-110 x 20-40 mm, mostly subclavate, solid, concolorous with pileus; surface pruinose, never reticulate; basal mycelium white. Context 20 mm thick in pileus, chalky white (1A1), unchanging on exposure but turning turquoise grey (24D2-D1) with FeSO4 (chalk), pale yellow (4A3) with 5% KOH, yellowish-grey (4B3) in Guaiacol. Pileus surface brownish-red (8C8-7) on bruising, turning dark green to greenish-grey (25 E-F3- 2) in FeSO4, vivid yellow (3A8) in KOH, unchanging in NH4OH. Stipe 55-110 x 20-40 mm, mostly subclavate, solid, concolorous with pileus; surface pruinose, never reticulate; basal mycelium white. Odour pleasant. Taste slightly pungent. Spore print not obtained. Basidiospores 6.4 -7.4- 9.9 x 3.8 -4.5- 5.7 µm (n = 30, Q = 1.5 -1.73- 2.04), ellipsoidal, thin-walled, smooth under light microscope. Basidia 22- 30 x 8-10 µm , four-spored, clavate. Pleurocystidia 40-54 x 7-10 µm , emergent up to 30 µm , fusoid to ventricose, appendiculate, yellow pigmented or hyaline, mostly with dense globular to oily content. Tube edge fertile; cheilocystidia 33-55 x 7-10 µm , common, clavate to cylindrical , subfusoid to ventricose. Hymenophoral trama divergent, hyphae septate, gelatinous, up to 5 µm wide. Pileipellis an ixocutis up to 150-280 µm thick, composed of subparallel to suberect, somewhat interwoven hyphae; terminal elements 20-70 x 6-11 µm , cylindrical to subcylindrical, sometimes subfusoid, content orange-brown pigmented. Stipitipellis up to 150 µm thick, fertile, composed of basidia and cystidia in several clusters; caulobasidia similar to that of hymenial basidia; caulocystidia 40-76 x 10-12 µm , broadly clavate to subclavate or appendiculate. Figure 5. Tylopilus pseudoballoui (DC 17-30, holotype). a, c Fresh basidiomata in the field b Pore surface after bruising d Hymenophoral trama e Pleurocystidia f Pileipellis g Stipitipellis h Basidiospores. Scale bars: 100 μm (d, f); 50 μm (g); 10 mm (e, h). Figure 6. Tylopilus pseudoballoui (DC 17-30, holotype). a Basidiospores b Basidia c Caulocystidia d Pleurocystidia e Pileipellis. Scale bars: 10 μm ( a-e ). Specimens examined. India. Sikkim: South District, Maenam WLS (Maenam 3), 2136 m alt., N27°15'34.7" , E88°21'25.7" , 23 Aug 2017, Quercus sp., D . Chakraborty & K. Das, DC 17-35 (CAL); Uttarakhand: Champawat district, Abbot mount, 1885 m alt., N29°25.466' , E80°06.085' , 18 July 2017, A. Ghosh, KD B-02 (CAL). Uttarakhand: Pauri district, 1971 m alt., N30°02.874' , E79°08.221' , 4 Aug 2017, K. Das, KD 17-24 (CAL).