Liparis mai (Orchidaceae; Malaxideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses Author Tu, Xiong-De Author Huang, Ming-Zhong Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China & Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropic Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou Hainan 571737, China Author Liu, Ding-Kun Author Ma, Liang Author Li, Ming-He Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China text Phytotaxa 2020 2020-03-11 435 3 235 242 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.435.3.3 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.435.3.3 1179-3163 13875702 Liparis mai X.D.Tu, M.Z.Huang & M.H.Li , sp. nov. ( Μ氏¥Ąŵ ; Figs. 2 , 3 ) Type :— CHINA . Guangxi ( 广ƃ ): Jingxi ( fflƃ ), terrestrial in evergreen broad-leaved forests, 1300 m , May 2018 , FJFC 0676 ( holotype FJFC !; isotype FJFC !) . This new species is similar to L. nervosa , from which it differs by the older pseudobulb often bearing bulbil; leaves 4–7, leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 11.0–17.0 × 4.5–7.5 cm ; lateral sepal revolute, narrowly ovateoblong; lip obovate-elliptic and base with a two-lobed callus. Plants terrestrial, Herbs, 22.0–33.0 cm. Pseudobulb cylindric, tapering, surrounded by 3–4 basal leaf sheaths; old leafless pseudobulbs covering several membranous sheaths at internodes and usually bearing bulbils; bulbils subspherical to ellipsoid, black, surrounded by white sheaths. Leaves 4–7, base, clasping, leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, wrinkled, membranous or grassy, base slightly sloping and contracting to petiole, margin undulate, 11.0–17.0 × 4.5–7.5 cm ; petiole sheathing, 3.0–5.0 cm long. Inflorescences terminal, racemose, 14.0–17.0 cm long; peduncle ridged, bracteate; rachis 9.0–12.0 cm with 5–8 flowered. Floral bracts ovate-triangular, carinate on the abaxial, purple, 2.0– 2.5 mm long. Column 5.0–6.0 mm, with narrow wings on both sides. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, 10.5–11.0 mm long, 1.0– 1.3 mm wide, obtuse at apex, usually curved or reflexed, margin revolute; Lateral sepals revolute, narrowly ovate oblong, 8.0– 8.5 mm long, 3.5–4.5 mm wide, obtuse at apex. Petals linear, more or less sickleshaped, 10.0–11.0 mm long, 0.7–0.9 mm wide, margin revolved; lip curved, obovate-elliptic, slightly fleshy and thick, 7.0–8.0 mm long, 6.5–7.5 mm wide, base narrowed and with 2 caniniform callus. Column elongated, slightly curved at apex, 5.0– 5.5 mm long, column wings conspicuous. Stigma transverse, concave, subquadrate. Anther terminal, 2- celled, persistent, oblong ovoid, ca. 1.0 mm long. Pollen obovoid, flat, hard, waxy, yellow. TABLE 2. GenBank accession numbers for sequence data, and an asterisk (*) denotes sequences obtained in this study.

Species	Voucher	ITS	mat K
Crepidium acuminatum (D.Don) Szlach.	M. Watanabe s. n. (TNS)	AB290884	AB290892
C. bancanoides (Ames) Szlach.	Yukawa 95-101 (TNS)	AB290885	AB290893
C. resupinatum (G.Forst.) Szlach.	JN114483	JN004407
Dienia ophrydis (J.Koenig) Seidenf.	Singapore B. G. cult. 3380	AY907114	AY907181
Liparis anopheles J.J.Wood	Leiden cult. 980165	AY907075	AY907139
L. auriculata Blume ex Miq.	KT338733	KF262076
L. bracteata T.E.Hunt	P. Weston s.n.	AY907076	AY907140
L. brunnescens Schltr.	Leiden cult. 20030224	AY907098	AY907165
L. cathcartii Hook.f.	Z.J.Liu 4149	KJ021031	KJ021027
L. chalandei Finet	T. Motley & K. Cameron 2160 (NY)	AY907078	AY907142
L. clypeolum (G.Forst.) Lindl.	J.-Y. Meyer 1029 (NY)	AY907079	AY907143
L. condylobulbon Rchb.f.	Leiden cult. 20030654	AY907080	AY907144
L. cordifolia Hook.f.	AB289459	KJ459312
L. deflexa Hook.f.	SBB-0824	JN114592	JN004481
L. disticha (Thouars) Lindl.	Leiden cult. 20010180	AY907081	AY907145
L. formosana Rchb.f.	K. Cameron 2151 (NY)	AY907082	AY907147
L. fujisanensis F.Maek. ex Konta & S.Matsumoto	Lee 239 (EWH)	EU024936	EU024937
L. funingensis Y.Y.Su, Yuan Meng & Z.J.Liu	Z.J.Liu 6662	KJ021032	KJ021028
L. gibbosa Finet	K. Cameron 2211 (NY)	-	AY907149
L. guangxiensis C.L.Feng & X.H.Jin	L. Li 153	KF589875	KF589881
L. habenarina (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.	AY240017	-
L. japonica (Miq.) Maxim.	AB289462	EU017429
L. koreana (Nakai) Nakai	EWH: Lee 197	EU017422	EU017444
L. kumokiri F.Maek.	K. Cameron 2147 (NY)	AY907087	AY907152
L. layardii F.Muell.	K. Cameron 2060 (NY)	AY907089	AY907155
L. liliifolia (L.) Rich. ex Lindl.	AF521067	AY907156
L. loeselii (L.) Rich.	B. Ewacha s.n.	AY907091	AY907157
L. mai X.D.Tu, M.Z.Huang & M.H.Li	FJFC 0676	MN744268*	MN732868*
L. maingayi (Hook.f.) Ridl.	TBG153205 (TNS)	AB289476	-
L. makinoana Schltr.	AB289474	EU017428
L. nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl.	AB289482	KJ459324
L. nigra Seidenf.	Z.J.Liu 4360	KJ459295	KJ459325
L. nugentiae F.M.Bailey	P. Weston s.n.	AY907093	AY907159
L. odorata (Willd.) Lindl.	Z.J.Liu 5044	KJ021033	KJ021029
L. pandurata Ames	Leiden cult. 20020341	AY907094	AY907160
L. parviflora (Blume) Lindl.	Leiden cult. 21659	-	AY907162
L. pauliana Hand. -Mazz.	K. Cameron 2169 (NY)	AY907096	AY907163
L. pingxiangensis L.Li & H.F.Yan	L. Li 157	KF589872	KF589878
L. purpureoviridis Ridl. ex Burkill & Holttum	TBG122921 (TNS)	AB289478	-
L. rheedei Lindl.	Leiden cult. 970454	AY907097	AY907164
L. sootenzanensis Fukuy.	Z.J.Liu 4879	KJ021034	KJ021030

......continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued)

Species	Voucher	ITS	mat K
L. stricklandiana Rchb.f.	Z.J.Liu 4341	KJ459298	KJ459328
L. sula N.Hallé	K. Cameron s.n. DNA#1174	AY907104	AY907171
L. terrestris J.B.Comber	Singapore B. G. cult. 3482	AY907105	AY907172
L. truncicola Schltr.	Leiden cult. 20030222	AY907106	AY907173
L. viridiflora (Blume) Lindl.	Z.J.Liu 4334	KJ459299	KJ459329
L. vivipara H.X.Huang, Z.J.Liu & M.H.Li	Liu 6671	MH340545	MH340053
L. wenshanensis Y.Y.Su, Yi L.Huang & G.Q.Zhang	Z.J.Liu 8072	KM391980	KM391981
Malaxis acuminata D.Don	M. Watanabe s. n. (TNS)	AB290884	AB290892
M. boninensis (Koidz.) K.Nakaj.	AB290887	AB290897
M. brachypoda (A.Gray) Fernald	K. Cameron 2136 (NY)	AY907108	AY907175
M. brevidentata C.Schweinf.	Yukawa 97-2066 (TNS)	AB290886	AB290894
M. calophylla (Rchb.f.) Kuntze	NYBG cult. ex Andy’s Orchids	AY907109	-
M. corymbosa (S.Watson) Kuntze	R. Coleman 1068 (AZ)	AY907110	AY907176
M. hahajimensis S.Kobay.	Ohi-Toma s. n. (TI)	AB290888	AB290896
M. hastilabia (Rchb.f.) Kuntze	DB 2430	-	EU214382
M. latifolia Blume	Leiden cult. 914208	AY907111	AY907177
M. latisepala (Rolfe) C.Schweinf.	T. Motley & K. Cameron 2254 (NY)	AY907112	AY907178
M. mambulilingensis (J.J.Sm.) S.Thomas	Singapore B. G. cult. 3225	-	AY907179
M. metallica (Rchb.f.) Kuntze	Singapore B. G. cult. 1522	AY907113	AY907180
M. monophyllos (L.) Sw.	-	EF065593
M. oculata (Rchb.f.) Kuntze	Nazarudin s. n. (TNS)	AB290890	AB290898
M. perakensis (Ridl.) Holttum	Nazarudin s. n. (TNS)	AB290891	AB290899
M. porphyrea (Ridl.) Kuntze	R. Coleman 226823	AY907115	AY907182
M. punctata J.J.Wood	AY907117	AY907183
M. resupinata (G.Forst.) Kuntze	K. Wood 9548 (NY)	AY907118	AY907185
M. soulei L.O.Williams	R. Coleman 1069 (AZ)	AY907119	AY907186
M. spicata Sw.	AF521068	AY368415
M. steyermarkii Correll	Salazar 6402	-	EU214179
M. taurina (Rchb.f.) Kuntze	AY907127	AY907195
Oberonia brunoniana Wight	JN114625	JN004518
O. ensiformis (Sm.) Lindl.	Z.J.Liu 3273	KJ459300	KJ459331
O. falconeri Hook.f.	JN114629	JN004526
O. heliophila Rchb.f.	T. Motley & K. Cameron 2243 (NY)	AY907131	AY907199
O. iridifolia Lindl.	NYBG cult. 107/67	AY907132	AY907200
O. mucronata (D.Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. in G.Seidenfaden	JN114641	JN004530
O. neocaledonica Schltr.	K. Cameron 27 (NY)	AY907133	AY907201
O. pachyrachis Rchb.f. ex Hook.f.	JN114644	JN004538
O. recurva Lindl.	JN114647	JN004544
O. setifera Lindl.	NYBG cult. s.n. ex Andy’s Orchids	AY907136	AY907204
O. wappeana J.J.Sm.	Leiden cult. 20030243	AY907138	AY907206
Oberonioides microtatantha (Tang & F.T.Wang) Szlach. Z.J.Liu 4868		KJ459302	KJ459333
O. sp	Z.J.Liu 6036	KJ459303	KJ459334
Stichorkis gibbosa (Finet) J.J.Wood	Z.J.Liu 4158	KJ459288	KJ459318
Outgroup
Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (Sm.) Lindl. ex Wall.	HQ114230	FJ794042
Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.	HM590370	HM055235

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of the combined matrix. Numbers near the nodes are bootstrap percentages and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BP, BP, PP). A dash (–) indicates a node is inconsistent between the topology of the ML MP ML/MP and the Bayesian trees. An asterisk (*) indicates a node is 100 bootstrap percentage or 1.00 posterior probability. TABLE 3. Statistics from the analyses.

DNA region	No. of taxa	No. variable Aligned length characters		No. informative characters (%)	Tree length	Consistency index	Retention index
ITS	80	781	489	397 (50.83)	1829	0.47	0.82
matK	81	1430	429	262 (18.32)	761	0.68	0.87
Combined	86	2211	918	659 (29.81)	2603	0.52	0.84

Phenology: —Flowering May. Distribution and habitat: —Grows in evergreen, broad-leaved forest at 1300 m of Jingxi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , China . Etymology: —Species epithet refers name of its discoverer, Kuan Ma.