Comparison of the structure and musculature of male terminalia in the tribes Operophterini, Phileremini and Triphosini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) Author Schmidt, Olga text Zootaxa 2017 4237 2 347 358 journal article 36425 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.8 4f16c7fb-437c-4a1b-985a-ff9809ecd4d6 1175-5326 343849 CCD1E332-E14F-42E9-8A44-B45F4BFD01AD Operophtera brumata ( Figs 1–2 ). The uncus is medium sized, broadened at the base, heavily sclerotized, handle-shaped, bent, with a rounded apex. The socii at the base of the uncus are rather well-developed, weakly sclerotized. The tegumen is broad, cupolar. The weakly sclerotized, much reduced gnathos arms are partly fused with the tegumen posteriorly, stretching along the lateral margins of the tegumen and are curved anteriorly. The subscaphium of the anal tube is not pronounced. The muscles m2(10) run inside the anal tube from the anterior margin of the tegumen. The rather powerful muscles m1 extend broadly from the anterior margin of the tegumen and run to the base of the uncus, more or less mediodorsally of the socii. The base of the costa valvae is connected to the lateral area of a rather narrow transtilla, which has a small ventral process and is broken medially. The medial portion of the transtilla is connected to the heads of the labides which are fused into a hat-shaped structure and have no sclerotized connection to the costa valvae. The muscles m3(2) extend from the medio-lateral areas of the anterior margin of the tegumen, close to the muscles m2(10), to the ventral curve of a small ventral process of the transtilla. The muscles m4 run from the dorsal parts of the vinculum to the transtilla laterad of the m3(2), with a bundle running to the base of costa valvae. The medium sized muscles m5(7) connect the medial portion of the valva ventrad of the costa to the sacculus. The juxta is medium sized, and located between the sacculi of the valvae. The muscles m8(3) extend from the posterior margin of the saccus to the juxta medially. The aedeagus is thin, with the muscles m6(5) running from the vinculum ventrad of the muscles m4 to the basal process of the aedeagus. The thin muscles m7(6) extend from the small saccus to the rather basal portion of the aedeagus.