Amylotheca cleofei sp. nov. (Loranthaceae), a new species and genus record for the Philippines Author Tandang, Danilo N. 0000-0003-2708-661X National Museum of Natural History, National Museum, Padre Burgos Drive, 1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines & Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan & Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan & Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan & sue 93653 @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2708 - 661 X sue93653@yahoo.com Author Galindon, John Michael M. 0000-0003-1039-7606 National Museum of Natural History, National Museum, Padre Burgos Drive, 1000 Ermita, Manila, Philippines & jmgalindon 18 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1039 - 7606 jmgalindon18@gmail.com Author Lagunday, Noel E. 0000-0003-1880-4851 Center for Biodiversity Research and Extension in Mindanao (CEBREM), Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon 8710, Philippines & lagundaynoel @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1880 - 4851 lagundaynoel@gmail.com Author Coritico, Fulgent P. 0000-0003-3876-6610 Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon 8710, Philippines & Center for Biodiversity Research and Extension in Mindanao (CEBREM), Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon 8710, Philippines & cfulgent @ cmu. edu. ph; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3876 - 6610 cfulgent@cmu.edu.ph Author Amoroso, Victor B. 0000-0001-8865-5551 Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon 8710, Philippines & Center for Biodiversity Research and Extension in Mindanao (CEBREM), Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon 8710, Philippines & victorbamoroso @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8865 - 5551 victorbamoroso@gmail.com Author Robinson, Alastair S. 0000-0001-8581-2718 National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia & alastair. robinson @ rbg. vic. gov. au; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8581 - 2718 alastair.robinson@rbg.vic.gov.au text Phytotaxa 2021 2021-06-04 507 1 113 120 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.7 journal article 4418 10.11646/phytotaxa.507.1.7 6f8235dd-d3f7-44d9-a2a6-c5836eda3138 1179-3163 5425559 Amylotheca cleofei Tandang, Galindon & A.S.Rob. sp. nov. ( Figures 1–2 ) Diagnosis: — Amylotheca cleofei is similar to A. duthieana in having non-winged petioles, but its petioles are generally < 5.8 mm long (vs. 6–25 mm long), the leaves uniformly lanceolate (vs. oblong to ovate, elliptic or lanceolate) and rounded at the base (vs. truncate, shortly cuneate or attenuate), the mature corolla buds 11.1–12.8 mm long (vs. 45–70 mm long), the corolla lobes fused just below the middle (vs. above the middle), and the anthers 1.2–1.4 mm long (vs. 2–3.5 mm long). Moreover, the pedicellate and sessile flowers of A. cleofei produce bracteoles of different shapes (vs. uniform bracteoles). This description incorporates observations made of living material in situ on Mount. Hamiguitan, as well as from the alcohol preserved holotype and associated isotype materials. Four individuals and spirit collections of fruits and flowers were used to make representative measurements. The significant differences between the vegetative and floral parts of all Amylotheca are summarised in Table 1 . Type:— PHILIPPINES . Mindanao : Davao Oriental , San Isidro Municipality , Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary , Lowland Tropical Evergreen Rainforest , 5 August 2019 , V . B . Amoroso 17680 with D. N . Tandang , 3 sheets with flowers, ( holotype : PNH !; isotypes: CMUH ! CAHUP !) . Description: —Aerial stem-parasitic shrub, all stems covered with a brown-tomentum. Attachment to host through a primary haustorium, as well as multiple secondary haustoria borne on epicortical runners; runners few, 1–2.5 mm in diameter, length 3–8 cm ; haustorial disk ±rounded, 3–4 mm diameter, those towards base of primary axis clustered. Stems pale when young, dark brown when mature, terete, lenticellate. Nodes flattened when young, becoming swollen when mature; internodes terete, slender, 13–31(–69.2) × 0.9–1.5(–3.2) mm. Leaves opposite to decussate, coriaceous, broadly lanceolate, 35–65(–78) mm long from petiole attachment by 16–22.8(–31.5) mm wide, adaxial surface green, glossy, abaxial surface whitish-green, dull, both surfaces glabrous, slightly curved, rounded to obtuse at base, margin entire, somewhat wavy, acute to acuminate at apex; petioles light green, terete, slender, sparsely brown-tomentose, 3.1–4.2(–5.8) × 0.7–1.8(–2.3) mm. Venation on both surfaces indistinct, midrib depressed on adaxial surface, raised on abaxial surface. Inflorescences racemose, glabrous, with decussate pairs of pedunculate dichasia in 1- to 3-flowered triads, central flower sessile, 9–12(–24) flowers in total; basal bracts brownish, 1–2, erect, cucullate, acuminate at the tip, surrounding the base of the peduncle, 1.7–2.2(–2.6) × 1.2–1.4 mm ; rachis yellow green, terete, slender, 7.7–10.5(–11.4) × 0.6–0.7(–0.9) mm; internodes 2 or 3, terete, 1.5–3.8(–4.9) × 0.6–0.7(–0.9) mm; peduncles yellow green, 0.9–2.5(–2.8) × 0.7–1.3(–1.4) mm wide; peduncles of triads and single flowers yellow green, 2.8–3.9(–4.6) × 0.4–0.6(–0.8) mm, bearing 2 to 4 pairs of triads or single flowers; floral pedicels 2–2.4(–2.9) × 0.4–0.7(–0.8) mm, central flower of triad entirely sessile. Floral bracts pale yellow, those of pedicellate flowers orbicular or oblong in outline, cucullate, abaxially conduplicate along their length, rounded to acute-attenuate at apex, margin decurrent to the pedicel, appressed to the cupule, 1.1–1.8(–2) × 0.8–1(–1.5) mm; those of sessile flowers with acute to acuminate apex and longer, 1.2–2.9(–3) × 1.2–1.4(–1.7) mm. Cupule whitish-green, glossy, 0.9–1.3(–1.9) × 0.9–1.1(–1.2) mm. Calyculus pale yellow, narrow cylindrical, 0.3–0.4(–0.7) × 1.3–1.5(–1.6) mm, limb 6-merous, erect. Corolla in the mature bud yellow, light green at tip, glossy, tubular at base, 10.3–12.7(–12.8) × 2.5–3.5(–3.7) mm, obtuse at tip and gradually becoming inflated, when flattened 7.1–7.6(–8.6) mm wide. Petals 6, yellow, pale green and reflexed in the apical 1/5, narrowly triangular, fused just below the middle, 5.9–6.6(–7.1) × 1.4–1.6(–1.7) mm, tube 4.9–6(–6.5) mm long. Stamens 6, equal, opposite to and fused to the petals. Anthers 6, oblong, arranged at the same level, rounded at apex, 1.2–1.3(–1.4) × 0.2–0.4(–0.5) mm; pollen whitish. Filaments 6, adnate to corolla, pale yellow, 0.6–0.7(–0.8) × 0.4–0.5 mm . Disk pale yellow, 1–1.2(–1.3) mm wide. Style pale yellow, 7.9–10.9(–11.9) × 0.36–0.38 mm . Stigma pale green, oblong or knob-shaped, 0.3–0.4(–0.5) × 0.2–0.3(–0.4) mm. Fruits initially pale green, ripening from yellow to orange, sub-obovoid, 6.5–7.8(–8.4) × 4.8–6.6 mm . Viscin 1.4–1.7(–2) mm thick. Seeds ovoid, 5.9– 6.2(–6.7) × 2.4–2.9(–3) mm. FIGURE 1. Amylotheca cleofei Tandang, Galindon & A.S.Rob. A ) Twig with young inflorescence. B. Single dichasium (triad). Note the sessile central flower. C) Cupule. D) Corolla tube. E) Expanded corolla) F. Corolla lobes with fused anthers and filaments. G) Pistil. H) Floral bract of sessile flower. I) Floral bract of pedicellate flower J) Seed. K) Fruit in longitudinal section. L) Fruit in cross section. Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 5 mm; C, H, I = 1 mm; D, E, G, J, K, L = 5.0 mm; F = 2.0 mm. Illustration: Bing Famoso Tac-an. FIGURE 2. General morphological details of Amylotheca cleofei . A) Stems, leaves and inflorescence. B) Detail of a dichasium. Note the sessile central flower (corolla removed) of the triad. C) Detail of a single flower. D) Inflorescence with mature buds and two blooms in anthesis. E) Detail of ripe fruit. Note remains of bract of a sessile flower below centre. F) Detail of a bract subtending the peduncle (removed) of a dichasium. G) Epicortical runner appressed against the stem of its Melastoma host. Note the haustorial disk on the right side of the stem. H.) A. cleofei (foliage to left) growing on its host (central foliage), with each of its haustorial disks indicated (white arrows). Scale bars: B = 1 cm; C, E, G = 5 mm; F = 1 mm. Photographs by D.N. Tandang © 2019 (A, D, & F) and C.M.B. Cleofe © 2020 (B, C, E, G, & H). Key to the species of Amylotheca were cited from Barlow (1966 , 1974 , 1993 , 1997 ), and Danser (1931) . With the description of Amylotheca cleofei , a key to the recognised species of Amylotheca reads as follows: 1. Stems brown-tomentose, calyx lobes fused just below the middle...................................................................................... A. cleofei 1. Stems glabrous, calyx lobes fused at or above the middle ................................................................................................................2 2. Leaves variably glaucous, petiole not winged, 6–25 mm long, style articulation ≤ 0.5 mm from base, corolla in mature buds 45–70 mm long........................................................................................................................................................................... A. duthieana 2. Leaves not glaucous, petiole winged and < 10 mm long ....................................................................................................................3 3. Leaves sessile or obscurely petiolate, narrowly linear to lanceolate, corolla in mature bud 27–34 mm long, anther 2–3 mm long .. .................................................................................................................................................................................... A. subumbellata 3. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate to broadly ovate or elliptic, corolla in mature bud usually> 34 mm long, anther 5–8 mm long............. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Leaf apex mostly rounded, not acuminate, 5–14 cm long, inflorescence parts slender, peduncles of triads typically 3–10 mm long, anther up to 8 mm long................................................................................................................................................ A. dictyophleba 4. Leaf apex acuminate or acute, 12–20 cm long, inflorescence parts robust, peduncles of triads typically 1–6 mm long, anther 5–7 mm long............................................................................................................................................................. A. acuminatifolia species, adapted from Barlow (1966 , 1974 , 1993 , 1997 ), Danser (1931) , Nickrent et al . 2006 + and Pelser et al. 2011 +. TABLE 1. Key morphological characteristics of Amylotheca cleofei in comparison with currently accepted Amylotheca

Character	A. cleofei	A. acuminatifolia	A. dictyophleba	A. duthieana	A. subumbellata
Indumentum	Stems brown- tomentose	Glabrous	Glabrous	Glabrous, leaves more or less glaucous	Glabrous
Petiole	Petiolate (3.1–5.8 mm long), not winged	Petiole obscure (2–5 mm long), winged	Petiole obscure (2–8 mm long), and winged	Petiolate (6–25 mm long) and not winged	Sessile or obscurely petiolate
Leaves	Lanceolate, rounded to obtuse at base	Narrowly ovate, attenuate at the base, acuminate and acute at apex	Narrowly to broadly ovate, lanceolate or elliptic, shortly cuneate to truncate at the base, obtuse or rounded at apex, rarely acute	Oblong to ovate or broadly elliptic to lanceolate, truncate or shortly cuneate to attenuate at base, rounded or obtuse at the apex	Narrowly linear to lanceolate, attenuate at the base, acute or obtuse at the apex
Corolla in mature buds	10.3–12.8 mm long, basally yellow and green at apex	45–65 mm long, colour variable, basally yellow and pale red to dark red at apex, or yellow in bud, senescing to reddish orange throughout	(28–)35–60 mm long, basally red, orange or yellow, usually paler green and green or yellow at apex	45–70 mm long, basally red, usually dark purple, brown or black at apex	27–34 mm long, basally red and pale green at apex
Corolla lobes	Fused just below middle	Fused above middle	Fused above middle	Fused above middle	Fused above middle
Tube in open flower	(4.9–)6.0–6.5 mm long	25–35 mm long	(15–)18–30 mm long	30–48 mm long	-
Anther	1.2–1.4 mm long	5–7 mm long	(3–)5–8 mm long	2–3.5 mm long	2–3 mm long
Style articulation from base	Articulation not apparent	2–3 mm	1–3 mm	≤0.5 mm	-

Distribution and ecology: — Amylotheca cleofei is endemic to Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, San Isidro Municipality, Davao Oriental , on the island of Mindanao in the southern portion of the Philippines ( Figure 3 ). To date, the species has been recorded along a trail in an open area of tropical lowland rainforest, as well as within the forest over ultramafic rock, always in association with its host, a species of Melastoma Linnaeus (1753: 389) . No observations of flower visitors or fruit consumers have been made. However, installation of a camera trap at the site to monitor such visits to the plant is planned by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) – Region 11. FIGURE 3. A) Map of the Philippines. B) Map of Mindanao showing Davao Oriental. C) Map of Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, San Isidro Municipality, Davao Oriental, showing the distribution of Amylotheca cleofei . Map generated by Tomas Reyes Jr. using ARC-GIS (2010). Etymology: —The species is named after Clint Michael B. Cleofe of the (DENR) – Region 11, who discovered the plant while conducting a botanical survey with the first author. Phenology :—The clusters of striking yellow flowers of A. cleofei were photographed and collected by the first author in August 2019 . It was subsequently photographed in fruit in September 2020 and April 2021 (D.J.C. Bordios & C. M.B. Cleofe, pers. observ.). Conservation status: —The assessment of Amylotheca cleofei satisfies the IUCN 3.1 Red List CR (Critically Endangered) Criteria B1a+2a+D ( IUCN 2012 ), being known from a single population at two closely situated sites within a conservation reserve where the host vegetation type has an extent of well below 100 km 2 , and a total known area of occupancy of less than 10 km 2 . Mature and seedling plants of the Melastoma host are common in the two areas where A. cleofei was recorded. The known Amylotheca population, all observed in either the flowering or fruiting stages, comprises 15 individuals from 5 host plants observed along the trail site in the open area of tropical lowland rainforest, and 2 individuals on a single host within the forest over ultramafic rocks. This status assessment is based on botanical inventories conducted between 2019 and 2021 at different elevations within the Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary. Additional specimens examined (topotype): — The Philippines . Mindanao : Davao Oriental , San Isidro Municipality , Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary , Lowland Tropical Evergreen Rainforest , 31 August 2021 , C . M . B . Cleofe, 001 with D. J . C . Bordios, (1 branch with fruits), ( Mount Hamiguitan Natural Science Museum ) .