New record of Nausithoe werneri (Scyphozoa, Coronatae, Nausithoidae) from the Brazilian coast and a new synonymy for Nausithoe maculata Author Molinari, Clarissa Garbi Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, travessa 14, n. 101, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-6020 clarissamolinari@gmail.com Author Maronna, Maximiliano Manuel Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, travessa 14, n. 101, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-639X Author Morandini, Andre Carrara Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, travessa 14, n. 101, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508 - 090, Brazil & Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rodovia Manuel Hypolito do Rego km 131.5, Sao Sebastiao, SP, 11600 - 000, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-8748 text ZooKeys 2020 984 1 21 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.984.56380 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.984.56380 1313-2970-984-1 22EB0B217A2743FBB90258061BA59B73 2BB6C926882B598F8D940855A5CEC0DE Nausithoe werneri Jarms, 1990 Fig. 7 Nausithoe werneri Jarms 1990 : 12-17, figs 1-7, pls I, III. Type locality: Morocco coast ( 25°20.4'N , 16°08.4'W , 415-420 m depth). Holotype: ZMH C11530. Metagenetic species. Solitary polyp with typical periderm tube, dark to light brown, conical, with transverse rings on surface with longitudinal striations (4-5 rings every 0.4 mm at 2 mm above the base). Polyps 2.56-31.46 mm long. Basal disk 0.24-0.53 mm in diameter. Diameter of aperture 0.33-1.29 mm. Diameter just above basal disc 0.07-0.23 mm. Diameter at 2-mm height 0.07-0.12 mm, and at 5-mm height 0.07-0.17 mm. Six to 14 whorls of 8 internal cusps: 4 large (perradius) and 4 intermediate (interradius), with additional cusps. Polyp with up to 40 filiform tentacles. Polydisc strobilation, with more than 100 ephyrae at a time. Medusa with smooth umbrella (Fig. 7 ) with high central dome; 16 slightly elongated lappets with rounded margins, and 8 rhopalia with statocyst and red ocelli. Live specimens measuring up to: 6.8 mm total diameter; 5 mm between opposite rhopalia; 2.5 mm coronal groove diameter; gastric cirri approximately 1.9 mm in length; and tentacle length up to 3 mm. Stomach with 4 gastric septa, each with 1 gastric filament (4 in total). Figure 7. Nausithoe werneri male medusae from Mediterranean's polyp culture ( A - C 5 months old D 3 months old) A aboral view of an adult medusa with mature gonads ( g ), contracted lappets, and extended tentacles ( t ) B detail of gastrovascular cavity, focusing on the gastric cirri ( gc ) C lateral view, focusing on the lips ( l ) and the extension of the manubrium D beginning of gonad ( g ) development (aboral view). Sequences from all species studied are available on GenBank (Table 7 ). DNA comparisons of the sequenced markers of the species are summarized in Tables 8 and 9 . We were not able to amplify the three proposed markers for all polyps. Therefore, Nausithoe sp. specimens AC01 (no 28S data), AC17 (no COI data), and AC18 (no COI data) were not included in the molecular analyses. Polyps with all three genes sequenced were compared with each other and with N. maculata (= N. aurea from Brazil), N. maculata (Cuba), and N. werneri . Using only the COI marker, Nausithoe sp. (specimens AC02, AC08, AC10, AC20) and N. werneri had less than 6% genetic difference from each other and almost 20% genetic difference from N. maculata (Cuba) and N. maculata (= N. aurea from Brazil). Nausithoe maculata from Cuba had less than 7% difference from N. maculata (= N. aurea ) from Brazil. The remaining DNA extractions from cultures are also considered as vouchers (Table 7 ). Table 7. Sequence accession numbers in GenBank and their respective DNA extraction vouchers.
- COI 18S 28S DNA Voucher
Nausithoe sp. AC02 MT603856 (717 bp) MT603629 (1765 bp) MT621557 (1304 bp) N02
Nausithoe sp. AC08 MT603855 (735 bp) MT603631 (1767 bp) MT621552 (1309 bp) N08
Nausithoe sp. AC10 MT603857 (708 bp) MT603630 (1765 bp) MT621553 (1319 bp) N10
Nausithoe sp. AC20 MT603854 (609 bp) MT603628 (1772 bp) MT621555 (1344 bp) N20
N. werneri (Mediterranean) MT603858 (610 bp) MT603627 (1767 bp) MT621554 (1337 bp) NW (Med)
N. maculata (= N. aurea ) (Brazil) MT603859 (579 bp) MT603632 (1777 bp) MT621558 (1305 bp) NA
N. maculata (Cuba) MT603860 (591 bp) MT603633 (1780 bp) MT621559 (1310 bp) NM (Cuba)
Table 8. Genetic similarity (percent) between each Nausithoe sp. polyp (AC02, AC08, AC10, AC20), Nausithoe maculata (= N. aurea from Brazil), Nausithoe maculata (from Cuba), and Nausithoe werneri . 18S in white and 28S in italic.
- AC02 AC08 AC10 AC20 N. werneri N. maculata (Brazil) N. maculata (Cuba)
AC02 - 100 100 99.94 99.94 99.86 99.86
AC08 94.86 - 100 99.94 99.94 99.86 99.86
AC10 97.04 94.63 - 99.94 99.94 99.86 99.86
AC20 97.41 95 97.18 - 99.89 99.80 99.80
N. werneri 97.22 94.69 96.91 97.28 - 99.80 99.80
N. maculata (Brazil) 96.64 94.22 96.62 96.76 96.51 - 99.94
N. maculata (Cuba) 96.66 94.18 96.37 96.74 96.47 97.36 -
Table 9. Genetic similarity (percent) between each Nausithoe sp. polyp (AC02, AC08, AC10, AC20), N. maculata (= N. aurea from Brazil), N. maculata (from Cuba), and N. werneri . COI in italic; all three markers combined in white. Boldface indicates higher similarity that we are considering to be the same species.
- AC02 AC08 AC10 AC20 N. werneri N. maculata (Brazil) N. maculata (Cuba)
AC02 - 96.28 97.33 94.60 95.35 91.74 92.08
AC08 97.35 - 96.11 94.1 94.28 90.99 91.39
AC10 100 97.32 - 94.73 95.32 91.77 92.11
AC20 94.25 95.40 94.25 - 94.73 92.00 92.18
N. werneri 100 97.21 100 94.06 - 91.72 92.05
N. maculata Brazil) 80.83 80.83 80.83 81.35 80.83 - 94.06
N. maculata (Cuba) 81.89 82.40 81.89 82.29 81.89 93.06 -