Hershkovitzia (Diptera: Nycteribiidae): revision, phylogeny, and cophylogeny Author Hrycyna, Gabriela Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociência, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Author Graciolli, Gustavo 0000-0002-1144-3486 Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociência, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil ggraciolli @ yahoo. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1144 - 3486 ggraciolli@yahoo.com.br text Zootaxa 2023 2023-09-20 5346 4 372 402 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5346.4.2 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.4.2 1175-5326 8390373 820EDAAE-9B8C-44F4-B8A8-3CC94F3F4900 Hershkovitzia inaequalis Theodor, 1967 ( Figs 6 , 9 ) Hershkovitzia inaequalis Theodor, 1967: 348 , figs 585 (female thorax, dorsal view), 596 (female sternal plate), 587 (female, tibia I and tarsomeres I–IV, anterior view), 588 (female, tibia II and tarsomeres I–IV, anterior view), 589 (female, tibia III and tarsomeres I–IV, anterior view), 590 (male abdomen, dorsal view), 591 (male abdomen, ventral view), 592 (male genitalia, lateral view), 593 (female abdomen, dorsal view), 594 (female abdomen, ventral view and hypoprocto). References: Guimar„es (1968: 4, catalog); Peterson & Lacey (1985: 581 , key to females; 582, key to males); Graciolli (2001: 319 , checklist; 320, distribution); Graciolli & Bernard (2002: 80 , geographic records and host; 84, citation); Graciolli (2004: 971 , citation); Graciolli et al . (2007: 155 , catalog); Graciolli (2010: 1263 , female thorax, ventral view); Frank et al . (2014: 120 , catalog); Hrycyna et al . (2022:1 , citation; 4, key to females; 5, key to males); Graciolli & Dick (2023: 6 , checklist). FIGURE 6. Hershkovitzia inaequalis Theodor, 1967 (FMNH 89121). A. Abdomen, female, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, female, ventral view. C. Abdomen, male, dorsal view. D. Abdomen, male, ventral view. E. Head, lateral view. F. Head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–D); 0.01 mm (E, F). Diagnosis. Eyes with four setae anteriorly. Palps dilated at the extremities, with 10 setae throughout their length and four setae at the distal extremities. Gena with six setae. Postgena with five short setae. Notopleural suture with four setae. Female with tergites 4 to 6 divided into two plates. Sternites 3 to 5 divided. Sternite 6 divided into two subtriangular plates. Sternite 7 subtriangular, with lateral and medial portions with depressions, strongly pigmented and without setae. Male: tergites 4 and 5 with medial zone without setae and less sclerotized. Redescription. Head. Dorsal view—Eyes with a single lens; anteriorly with four setae. Lateral view—Gena with six setae. Postgena with five short setae. Ventral view—Palps dilated at the extremities, with 10 setae throughout length and four setae at the distal extremities. Theca as wide as long, more than twice as long as labella. Thorax. Dorsal view—Notopleural suture with four setae. Thoracic spiracle pyriform. Thoracic ctenidium with 10 spines. Ventral view—Oblique suture obtuse-angled. Coxa I as wide as long, with setae throughout its length. Femur I wider than long, with setae throughout its length. Tibia I longer than wide, posterior margin with four rows of setae on apical portion. Basitarsus as long as the following three tarsomeres combined. Coxa II short, triangular, with few setae. Femur II longer than wide, rectangular, with no setae on medial portion. Tibia II longer than wide and posterior margin with three rows of setae on apical portion. Coxa III longer than wide, triangular, with setae throughout its length. Femur III longer than wide, rectangular, without setae on medial portion. Tibia III longer than wide and posterior margin with five rows of setae on apical portion. Abdomen. Female . Tergites and sternites with numerous setae throughout their length. Distal margins of plates with a row of long setae of uneven length. Dorsal view—Syntergite 1+2 and tergite 3 whole, rectangular. Tergites 4 to 6 divided into plates. Tergite 7 with lateral concavity with 6–7 associated setae. Ventral view—Sternite 1+2 whole, rectangular, with a ctenidium of 45 long, thin and covering only middle third of posterior margin. Sternites 3 to 5 divided, rectangular. Sternite 6 divided, rectangular. Sternite 7 subtriangular, with posterior margin almost straight and lateral and medial portions of plate with depressions. Male . Tergites and sternites with numerous setae throughout their length. Distal margin of plates with row of longer setae of uneven length. Dorsal view—Syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3 and 4 whole, rectangular. Tergites 4 and 5 with medial zone without setae and less sclerotized. Anal plate with setae only on posterior margin. Ventral view—Sternite 1+2 long, rectangular, with ctenidium of 56 spines covering middle third of posterior margin. Sternites 3 and 4 whole, rectangular. Sternite 5 long, with a concavity at medial posterior margin and with a rounded lateral margin. Setae more sclerotized than the others and of different size associated with lateral margin. Type host. Thyroptera lavali Pine, 1993 . Type locality. Peru , Loreto , Maynas . Geographic distribution. Brazil (Pará), Peru ( Loreto ) ( Fig. 9 ). Type material examined. 1 ♀ and 1 ♁ [ paratypes ; examined from photos], FMNH, nº89121 CK2452, host T. lavali . Peru . Loreto , Mayanas , Yavari-Mirim river , Quebrada Esperanza , September 16, 1957 , C. Kalinowsky coll. Additional material examined. 1 ♁, DZUP , nº055775, host T. lavali . Brazil . Pará , Santarém , Vila Alter do Ch „o ( 02°30’S / 54°57’W ), May 09, 2000 , E. Bernard coll.