New species of the plant bug genus Neolygus Knight from Japan, Taiwan and Thailand (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirini) Author Yasunaga, Tomohide text Zootaxa 2024 2024-05-02 5446 4 451 487 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5446.4.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5446.4.1 1175-5326 11102124 C204C80E-332C-4537-A6BA-1FC372BD6783 Neolygus chaiyaphum n. sp. Figs. 1J , 12D–E , 18L–O Material examined. Holotype ( ♂ ). THAILAND : Chaiyaphum : Khon San District , Chulabhom Dam , 16˚32−33’N, 101˚38−39’E, 760−780 m alt., on flowers of broadleaf tree, 17 Apr 2013 , T. Yasunaga ( DOAT ) ( AMNH _ PBI 00378774 ). Diagnosis. Currently known by a single male specimen. Recognized by its small size ( 4 mm in total length); ovoid body shape ( Fig. 1J ); pale olive basic coloration; dark apex of scutellum; widely darkened median part of hemelytra; and shape of parameres ( Fig. 12D–E ). Dorsal color pattern is most similar to that of N. esakii (Yasunaga, 1991) (cf. Fig. 3I ; Yasunaga 2001 ; Noguchi et al. 2023 ); but the latter (Japanese indigenous) species has the obviously larger in size and different shape of the male parameres ( Noguchi et al. 2023 , p. 98, fig. 4), in addition to being associated with Acer spp. ( Sapindaceae ) in cool temperate deciduous forests. Description. Holotype male : Body ovoid, small; basic coloration pale olive green, with distinct dark macula on mesial part of dorsum ( Fig. 1J ); dorsal surface shining, with uniformly distributed, pale, simple, semierect setae. Head uniformly pale, shining; basal transverse carina on vertex slightly narrower than pronotal collar. Antenna pale brown; apical 1/6 of segment II, entire segments III and IV brown; segment II as long as metafemur; segment III slightly longer than head width across eyes. Labium pale brown, relatively long, slightly exceeding apex of metacoxa; apical part of segment IV dark brown. Pronotum and pleura pale olive; scent efferent system with somewhat elevated peritreme ( Fig. 18M ); apex of scutellum darkened. Hemelytron with median dark macula across clavus and corium ( Fig. 1J ); membrane smoky brown, with pale veins. All coxae and legs pale brown; metafemur apically with two obscure rings; meta-tarsomere II slightly longer than III ( Fig. 18N ). Abdomen uniformly pale olive. Male genitalia (12D–E, 18O): Left paramere with stout, bulbous sensory lobe ( Fig. 18O ) and short apical process of hypophysis ( Fig. 12E ); sensory lobe of right paramere moderately produced at apex ( Fig. 12D ); vesical sclerites could not be observed, due to being a teneral specimen. Female: Unknown. FIGURE 13. Scanning electron micrographs for Neolygus autumnus n. sp. (A−I) and N. honshuensis (Linnavuori) (J−O). A, Head and pronotum, left lateral view. B, Vestiture pattern on scutellum and anterior hemelytron. C, J, Anterior body, left lateral view. D, K, Metathoracic scent efferent system (left). F, M, Pretarsal structure of metaleg. G, Apical pygophore (genital segment) with parameres, dorsal view. H, N, Left paramere. I, O, Right paramere. FIGURE 14. Scanning electron micrographs for Neolygus autumnus n. sp. (A−F) from Oita Pref. (A–C) and Kyoto Pref. (D–F), N. honshuensis (Linnavuori) (G−I) and N. chichibumontis n. sp. , holotype male (J−O). A, D, G, O, Vesica. B, E, H, Posterior wall. C, F, I, Interramal lobe and lateral lobe of posterior wall. J, Head and pronotum, left lateral view. K, Metathoracic scent efferent system (left). L, Metatarsus. M, Pretarsal structure of metaleg. N, Apical pygophore (genital segment) with parameres, dorsal view. Abbreviations—BS: basal sclerite, GP: secondary gonopore, IRL: interramal lobe, IRS: interramal sclerite, LLB: lateral lobe, MS: median sclerite, PH: phallotheca, SP: spiculum, VS: ventral sclerite. FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs for Neolygus chikanoshima n. sp. (A, H−K, holotype male and others female). A, Anterior body, dorsal view. B, Same, lateral view. C, Same, ventral view. D, Metathoracic scent efferent system (left). E, Metatarsus. F, Pretarsal structure of metaleg. G, Apical forewing. H–I, Vesica. J, Apex of pygophore (genital segment) with parameres, dorsal view. K, Left paramere. L, Genital camber. M–N, Posterior wall. O, Lateral lobe. FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs for Neolygus hasegawai n. sp. (A−L), N. flavoviridis (Yasunaga) (M), N. hoberlandti (Kulik) (N) and N. makiharai (Yasunaga) (O). A, Anterior body, left lateral view. B, Head and pronotum. C, Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. D, Vestiture pattern of clavus and corium. E, Metatarsus. F, Pretarsal structure of metaleg. G, Apical pygophore (genital segment) with parameres, dorsal view. H, Vesica. I, Apex of vesical ventral sclerite. J, Genital chamber. K–O, Posterior wall. FIGURE 17. Scanning electron micrographs for genitalia of Neolygus kyushuensis (Yasunaga) (A−C, G–I), N. tiliicola (Kulik) (D–F, J–L) and N. yonanus n. sp. (M–O). A, D, Genital chamber. B–C, E–F, Posterior wall [B, paratype from Okinawa Is.; C, from Nagasaki City; E, from Hamamasu, Hokkaido; F from North Korea]. G, J, Apical pygophore (genital segment) with parameres, dorsal view. M, Same, ventral view. H, K, N, Left paramere. I, L, O, Vesica. FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs for Neolygus babai n. sp. (A−K) and N. chaiyaphum n. sp. , holotype male (L–O). A, Head and pronotum, frontal view. B, M, Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. C, N, Metatarsus. D, Pretarsal structure of metaleg. E, Left paramere. F, Right paramere. G–H, Vesica. I, Apex of ovipositor (gonapophysis I). J, Lateral and interramal lobes of posterior wall. K, Detail of lateral lobe. L, Head and anterior pronotum, left lateral view. O, Apex of pygophore (genital segment), left lateral view. FIGURE 19. Scanning electron micrographs for Neolygus formosaroseus n. sp. (A−K) and N. roseus (Yasunaga) (L–O). A, Anterior body, left lateral view. B, L, Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. C, Metathoracic scent efferent system (left). D, M, Metatarsus. E, Pretarsal structure of metaleg. F, Apex of pygophore (genital segment), left lateral view. G, N, Left paramere. H, Right paramere. I, O, Vesica. J–K, Posterior wall. FIGURE 20. Scanning electron micrographs for Neolygus fuscovultus n. sp. , holotype female (A−F) and N. rufifemoratus n. sp. , male (G–O). A, Head, frontal view. B, Pronotum, frontal view. C, Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. D–E, Posterior wall. F, Lateral lobe. G, Anterior body, left lateral view. H, Metathoracic scent efferent system (left). I, Metatarsus. J, Pretarsal structure of metaleg. K, Apex of pygophore (genital segment), left lateral view. L, Same, dorsal view. M, Left paramere. N, Right paramere. O, Vesica. Measurements : See Table 1 . Etymology. Named for the type locality, Chaiyaphum Province of Thailand ; a noun in apposition. Distribution . Thailand ( Chaiyaphum ). Biology. A single male adult was collected from inflorescence of an undetermined broadleaf tree. No other information is currently available. Remarks. Finding of this new species represents the first distributional record of Neolygus from Indochina. This distribution is perhaps similar to a range of mountains in central Taiwan , the Himalayas and highland areas in the Oriental Region that are known to harbor a number of glacial relicts or cryophilic elements of the Miridae (e.g. Yasunaga & Schwartz 2007 ).