Shedding light into Brazilian subterranean isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea): expanding distribution data and describing new taxa Author Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares Author Sfenthourakis, Spyros Biodiversity and ecology laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Lefkosia (Nicosia) (Cyprus) ivanklin. filho @ gmail. com, isoare 01 @ ucy. ac. cy (corresponding author) Author Gallo, Jéssica Scaglione Author Gallão, Jonas Eduardo Author Torres, Dayana Ferreira Laboratório de Estudos Subterrâneos, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo (Brazil) and Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos Subterrâneos, São Paulo (Brazil) Author Chagas-Jr, Amazonas Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Biociências, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso (Brazil) Author Horta, Lília Grupo Bambuí de Pesquisas Espeleológicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (Brazil) Author Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia Margarita Author López-Orozco, Carlos Mario Author Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo Grupo de Investigación en Biología Descriptiva y Aplicada, Programa de Biología, Universidad de Cartagena, Campus San Pablo, Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) Author Araujo, Paula Beatriz Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) Author Taiti, Stefano Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze (Italy) and Museo di Storia Naturale, Sezione di Zoologia “ La Specola ”, Firenze (Italy) Author Bichuette, Maria Elina Laboratório de Estudos Subterrâneos, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo (Brazil) and Grupo Bambuí de Pesquisas Espeleológicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (Brazil) and Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos Subterrâneos, São Paulo (Brazil) text Zoosystema 2023 2023-10-18 45 19 531 599 https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2023v45a19.pdf journal article 273569 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a19 5c7fe3a8-433d-4fbe-85c3-f9ef16be4261 1638-9387 10027321 49E49578-3EC4-4088-B17E-E3387C70C247 Venezillo dioi Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti , n. sp. ( Figs 41-43 ; 49B ) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 498666A4-9867-465B-AEDB-49D0DC77C399 TYPE MATERIAL . — Holotype . Brazil • ♂ (parts in micropreparations); Gruna Bem Bom cave , Carinhanha , state of Bahia ; 13°35’03.3”S , 43°57’51.2”W , 692 m a.s.l. ; 28.XI.2015 ; M. E. Bichuette & J. E. Gallão leg.; LES 28010 . ETYMOLOGY . — The new species is named after Diocleciano Pereira Pinto Neto, also known as Dió, who assures the preservation of the Gruna Bem Bom cave. DESCRIPTION Body length: 5 mm . Color brown with typical muscle spot insertions. Body in lateral view as in Figure 41A . Cephalon and pereonite 1 with low bosses, pereonites 2-7 and pleon smooth; dorsal surface bearing semicircular scale-setae ( Fig. 41B ). One line of small noduli laterales per side, inserted near posterior margins ( Fig. 41A ). Cephalon ( Fig. 41 C-F) with rectangular frontal shield slightly protruding above eyes in frontal view, slightly bent backwards above vertex, not protruding above vertex, suprantennal line absent; eyes with about 15 ommatidia. Pereonite 1 epimera with rounded lateral margins, anterior corner directed frontwards, schisma on posterior corners, ventral and dorsal lobes of schisma rounded, ventral lobe slightly shorter than outer lobe, lateral margin grooved for entire length; pereonite 2 epimera with ventral lobe obliquely directed outwards, not surpassing outer margin of epimeron; pereonite 2-4 epimera with rounded lateral margin, 5-7 subquadrangular ( Fig. 41A , G-J).Pleonite 3-5 epimera subrectangular, well developed; telson hour-glass shaped, proximal part wider than distal one, distal margin straight ( Fig. 41K, L ). Antennula ( Fig. 41M ) of three articles, proximal and distal articles similar in length, distal article bearing about six aesthetascs. Antenna ( Fig. 41N ) short and stout, distal article of peduncle longer than flagellum; flagellum of two articles, distal article about twice as long as proximal one, bearing two lateral aesthetascs; apical organ short bearing two sensilla. Mandibles with molar penicil semidichotomized, left mandible ( Fig. 42A ) with 2+1 penicils, and right mandible ( Fig. 42B ) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula ( Fig. 42C ) inner endite with two transverse penicils, distal margin rounded; outer endite of 4+6 teeth, all simple, accessory tooth on outer set. Maxilla ( Fig. 42D ) inner lobe rounded covered with thick setae; outer lobe about twice as wide as inner lobe, rounded and covered with thin setae. Maxilliped ( Fig. 42E ) basis subrectangular; proximal article of palp with two setae distinct in length; endite subquadrangular, medial seta surpassing distal margin, outer margin rounded, distal margin bearing two short triangular setae. Uropod ( Fig. 43A ) protopod subrectangular, flattened, inner margin concave, endopod inserted proximally, exopod short, inserted dorsally on slight protuberance. Pereopod 1 ( Fig. 43B ) carpus with transverse antennal grooming brush; pereopod 7 ( Fig. 43C ) ischium with sternal margin straight; dactylus with inner claw reaching median portion of outer claw, dactylar and ungual setae simple, not surpassing outer claw. Genital papilla ( Fig. 43D ) with slender and triangular ventral shield, two subapical orifices. Pleopod exopods with monospiracular covered lungs. Pleopod 1 ( Fig. 43E ) exopod triangular, about twice as wide as long, medial margin rounded, outer margin sinuous, distal margin triangular; endopod three times as long as exopod, distal portion slightly bent outwards and bearing short setae. Pleopod 2 ( Fig. 43F ) exopod triangular, outer margin distinctly concave bearing few short setae; endopod flagelliform, longer than exopod. Pleopod 3-5 exopods as in Figure 43 G-I. REMARKS Within the Neotropical Venezillo , only four species have eyes composed of 15 ommatidia, namely V. galapagoensis ( Miers, 1877 ) from the Galápagos Islands ( Ecuador ), V. jamaicensis ( Richardson, 1912 ) from Jamaica , V. osorioi ( Mulaik, 1960 ) from Mexico , and V. ramsdeni ( Boone, 1934 ) from Cuba . Venezillo dioi Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti , n. sp. differs in having the cephalon and pereonite 1 with low bosses (vs entire surface tuberculated in V. galapagoensis and V. jamaicensis , entire surface smooth in V. osorioi and V. ramsdeni ), and pereonite 1 epimera grooved on entire length (vs half length in V. galapagoensisi and V. jamaicensis , one quarter of length in V. osorioi and V. ramsdeni ) (see Van Name 1936 ). The cave where the specimens were collected is located in the Brazilian xeric region of Caatinga ( Morrone et al. 2022 ). This species is considered to be a troglophile due to the absence of troglomorphic characteristics.