Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae)
Author
HUBER, BERNHARD A.
text
Zootaxa
2012
2012-09-07
3461
1
1
138
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3461.1.1
journal article
53629
10.11646/zootaxa.3461.1.1
664d9cee-5b75-4788-a394-6b35a37de652
11755334
6415657
0704C43A-73D8-4A28-915A-7FF8611C8606
Smeringopus butare
new species
Figs. 562
,
576–577
,
596–597
,
647–649
,
663–666
Type.
Male
holotype
from
Rwanda
,
Butare
[
2°36’S
,
29°44’E
],
vi.1971
(
P. Nyalugaka
), in
MRAC
(
139117
, part)
.
Etymology. The name is a noun in apposition, derived from the
type
locality.
Diagnosis. Distinguished from similar congeners by tip of procursus (distinctive membranous flap longer than sclerotized spine;
Figs. 647, 648
), and shape of embolus (very similar
S. peregrinus
but narrower in prolateral view and without pointed process;
Fig. 649
); from
S. peregrinoides
also by longer and more downward directed cheliceral apophyses (similar
S. peregrinus
; cf.
Figs. 614, 615
) and absence of v-shaped or u-shaped structure frontally in female internal genitalia (
Fig. 596
; epigynum and cleared female genitalia otherwise similar
S. peregrinoides
and
S. kalomo
).
FIGURES 647–654.
Smeringopus butare
(647–649) and
S. katanga
(650–654). 647, 650. Left cymbia and procursi, retrolateral views. 648, 651–652. Left procursi, prolateral (648, 652) and dorsal (651) views. 649, 653. Left emboli, prolateral views. 654. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.
Male (
holotype
). Total body length 7.2, carapace width 2.2. Leg 1: 49.5 (13.1 + 0.9 + 13.1 + 19.7 + 2.7), tibia 2: 9.3, tibia 3: 6.8, tibia 4: 9.5; tibia 1 L/d: 55. Habitus as in
Fig. 562
. Carapace ochre-yellow with brown median and lateral marks, clypeus with pair of dark stripes, sternum brown with light marks near bases of coxae 2–4 and medially, legs light brown, femora and tibiae with lighter tips and subdistal dark rings, abdomen ochre-gray with distinct dorsal and ventral pattern. Distance PME-PME 185 µm, diameter PME 170 µm, distance PME-ALE 70 µm, distance AME-AME 55 µm, diameter AME 160 µm. Ocular area slightly elevated, secondary eyes with ‘pseudo-lenses’; deep thoracic pit. Chelicerae with pair of distal apophyses as in
S. peregrinus
(cf.
Figs. 614, 615
; apophyses slightly shorter); each apophysis with one modified hair at tip (
Fig. 663
). Palps as in
Figs. 576 and 577
, coxa with distinct retrolateral apophysis and shallow wide furrow, trochanter barely modified, femur with retrolateral furrow with distinct rim proximally, procursus with distinctive distal elements (
Figs. 647, 648
), bulb with distinctively shaped prolateral process on embolus (similar
S.
peregrinus
but narrower in prolateral view;
Fig. 649
). Legs without spines, few vertical hairs, with curved hairs ventrally on tibiae and metatarsi 1, retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 3%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1. Gonopore with two epiandrous spigots (
Fig. 664
); ALS with eight spigots each (
Fig. 665
).
Variation. The color pattern is quite constant but variably distinct. Tibia
1 in
17 males
: 9.3–18.1 (mean 13.8).
Female. In general similar to male; tibia
1 in
31 females
: 10.0–15.7 (mean 11.9). Epigynum a simple plate mostly with poorly defined borders, with large semicircular pockets (
Figs. 596
,
666
); internal genitalia as in
Fig. 597
(very similar
S. peregrinoides
and
S. kalomo
).
Distribution. Known from
Rwanda
,
Burundi
, and eastern
Congo
D.R. (
Sud-Kivu
) (
Fig. 608
).
Material
examined.
RWANDA
:
Butare
:
type
above; same data,
6♂
4♀
in
MRAC
(139117, part);
same data but
vi.–vii.1971
,
6♂
3♀
in
MRAC
(140658 part),
x.–xi.1970
,
2♂
15♀
+ juvs (6 vials) in
MRAC
(137762 part, 137764 part, 137769, 137783, 137788, 137793);
same locality,
23.xii.1979
(
A. Vandenberghe
),
1♀
1 juv.
in
MRAC
(153857).
Astrida
[=
Butare
,
2°36’S
,
29°44’E
],
30.vi.1952
(
Laurent
),
1♂
1♀
1 juv.
in
MRAC
(73264–68).
Near Lac Ihema
[~
1°55’S
,
30°42’E
], 14./
18.vii.1969
(R. Kiss),
1♂
in
MRAC
(136301 part)
.
BURUNDI
:
Bubanza Prov.
: “
Crête Congo-Nil
” [~
3°S
,
29.4°E
],
2000 m
a.s.l.
,
iii.1967
(
S. Ndani
),
5♂
6♀
(3 vials) in
MRAC
(132768–69, 132778)
.
Bururi Prov.
:
Cabara
[
4°07’S
,
29°31’E
],
Miombo
woodland with
Brachystegia
,
850 m
a.s.l.
,
18.iii.2002
(
N. Benoit
),
2♀
(2 vials) in
MRAC
(213925, 214163).
CONGO
D.R.:
Sud-Kivu Prov.
:
Bitale
[
2°11’S
,
28°37’E
], ~
1700 m
a.s.l.
,
30.–31.v.1949
(
Laurent
),
2♂
(2 vials) in
MRAC
(66508, 66512).
Bukavu
,
Bitale
,
19.iii.1950
(
G. Marlier
),
1♀
in
MRAC
(69051)
.
Uvira
[
3°24’S
,
29°08’E
], vallée de lac
Tanganika
,
700 m
a.s.l.
, “marais herbacé”,
viii.1961
(R.
Kiss
),
1♂
in
MRAC
(120084)
;
Uvira
,
700 m
a.s.l.
,
vii.1961
(R.
Kiss
),
1♀
in
MRAC
(120048)
.
Uvira
, entre
Kalundu
et
Kavimvira
[~
3°22’S
,
29°09’E
],
vi.1961
(R.
Kiss
),
2♀
in
MRAC
(119923 part)
.
Luhoho
,
Riv. Bunyakiri
[
2°05’S
,
28°34’E
],
1100 m
a.s.l.
,
6.ix.1957
(
E.S. Ross
, R.
E. Leech
),
1♀
in
CAS
.
Lwiro River
,
47 km
N Bukavu
[~
2°15’S
,
28°50’E
],
1950 m
a.s.l.
,
15.xii.1957
(
E.S. Ross
, R.
E. Leech
),
1♀
2 juvs in
CAS
.
Irangi
[
1°54’S
,
28°28’E
],
Luhoho River
,
900 m
a.s.l.
,
10.ix.1957
(
E.S. Ross
, R.
E. Leech
),
2♂
1♀
in
CAS
.
Irangi
,
vii.1964
(
J. Bafort
),
1♀
1 juv.
in
MRAC
(127421)
.
Terr. Kalche
,
Maskele
,
6 km
from
Irangi
, “dans les creux des arbres vivantes en forêt primaire”,
i.1962
(R.
Kiss
),
1♂
1♀
in
MRAC
(121359).