Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in Agavaceae and Cactaceae including seven new species Author Rotheray, Graham E. Author Marcos-García, Maria-Angeles Author Hancock, Geoff Author Pérez-Bañón, Celeste Author Maier, Chris T. text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2009 2009-08-31 156 4 697 749 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00503.x journal article 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00503.x 0024-4082 5443474 COPESTYLUM HIDALGENSE MARCOS & ROTHERAY SP. NOV. Adult: Male holotype : face with lateral margins inflated and indented slightly from just above margin of mouth so lower part of face appears as a narrow projection (view from in front). Face yellow and black haired with indistinct tubercle. Black mid-dorsal vitta present and not reaching the base of the antenna. Lateral vittae black, indistinct at eye and genae dark ( Fig. 7 ). Frons and ocellar triangle black and black haired. Antenna black with plumose arista. Basoflagellomere slightly excavated dorsally and twice as long as broad. Eyes with long black hairs reaching lower margin and facets of equal size. Ground colour of mesonotum black except for pale yellow lateral margins and posterior margin with a pair of pale yellow, rounded spots. Mesonotum with long, dark hairs and a pair of dusted stripes dorsocentrally ending just beyond the transverse suture. Scutellum yellow with black hairs. Pleurae black except for yellow posterior anepisternum and with long white hairs. Wing membrane hyaline with medial crossveins brown forming two central dark spots. Legs brown with tibiae pale at base and black haired. Abdominal sternites mainly yellow with a black medial spot on sternite 2 and the posterior margins of the sternites 3 and 4 with complete black bands wider in the centre. Sternite 2 pale haired and hairs on sternites 3 and 4 yellow except black where the integument is black. Tergite 1 completely black, tergites 2–4 yellow except for their posterior margins which have complete black bands and a black medial line. Anteriorly tergites yellow haired and posteriorly with short, black, reclined hairs. Tergite 4 with longer pale hairs. Genitalia: epandrium wider than tall in lateral view; surstylus short, irregularly rounded and with a dorsal tuft of long, black setae. Hypandrium indented deeply on the upper outer margin at the base of the superior lobe. Superior lobe elongate, almost as long as hypandrium and rounded not hooked apically. Aedeagus rounded apically ( Figs 18, 19 ). Female: Unknown. Length: Body 13 mm ; wing 11 mm ( N = 1). Puparium: Anterior fold with band of spicules narrowing towards the lateral ends. Longest vestiture of dorsum of prothorax longer than longest spicules on the anterior fold. Spicules present on the mid-dorsum and on the prothorax. A band of spicules present on the lateral and anterodorsal margins of the mesothorax and metathorax. Posterior breathing tube with AP slightly longer than TR is wide. TR inconspicuous and AP only slightly tapering. Pupal spiracles 0.6¥ as long as the AP and separated by 2.5¥ their length with openings clustered on the apex and openings separated by their width or less. Material examined: Holotype : male with puparium MEXICO , Hidalgo Province , Metztitlán. One larva MCN 6a 22.vi.2005 A. Paola Martínez ex Opuntia (CIBIO) . Etymology: The name of this species is descriptive of the name of Hidalgo , the Mexican state where the holotype was collected. Taxonomic notes: This species is distinctive among species of the Apiciferum group and can be separated easily by the following characters: C. hidalgense has a black flagellomere and eye hairs, these being yellow in C. milae , C. quadratum , and C. apiciferum ; C. hidalgense has the abdominal tergites mainly yellow with conspicuous black stripes but C. milae , C. quadratum and C. apiciferum have abdominal dark tergites without conspicuous stripes; C. hidalgense has the stylus with a tuft of long hairs. In early stages C. hidalgense is very distinctive and easily separated by the spicule pattern on the thorax. It is the only species of the Apiciferum group with spicules on the anterodorsal and lateral margins of the metathorax.