Taxonomic notes on the genus Echinops (Compositae, Cardueae-Echinopsinae) in Iran Author Montazerolghaem, Somayeh Author Rahiminejad, Mohammad Reza Author Mozaffarian, Valiollah Author Susanna, Alfonso text Phytotaxa 2016 2016-06-01 263 2 81 97 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.263.2.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.263.2.1 1179-3163 13666530 Echinops barezicus Montazer. & Mozaff. , sp. nov. ( E. sect Oligolepis Bunge) Type :— IRAN . Kerman : Bam to Jiroft, Mohammad Abad-e Maskun, 1100 m , 3 May 2000 , Mozaffarian 79876 ( TARI !). Diagnosis: —Leaves lobate-dentate, setose-glandulose above, densely white-araneose marmorate on nerves. Heads cornigerous. Phyllaries glabrous, connate into a coriaceous pentagonal tube. Description: —Plant perennial. Stem 70 cm high, branched, densely arachnoid-glandular in upper part, only short glandular in lower part. All leaves herbaceous-coriaceous, covered only with short stalked glandular hairs above, arachnoid-tomentose along midribs, marmorate; tomentose and woolly below. Lower cauline leaves lanceolate in outline, lobate-dentate, 18 cm long, 8 cm wide (with spines) with 5 pairs of triangular-lanceolate segments terminated to 1.5– 2 cm thick spines; upper cauline leaves similar to lower but smaller, 9 cm long, 6.5 cm wide (with spines). Heads 4–5 cm in diameter, heteromorphous, consisting of lower glabrous non-cornigerous and upper glabrous cornigerous capitula; receptacle 5 mm in diameter; involucre 8 mm long. Lower capitula 25 mm long; brush 13–14 mm long, many-rayed, whitish; phyllaries 14, totally glabrous, brown at base, blue towards tip, innermost five connate in a coriaceous pentagonal tube, brown in connate part and blue in upper free part; upper capitula 48 mm long (comprising horn), with 14 glabrous phyllaries, one of median phyllaries changed into a rigid horn 42 mm long, glabrous, blue at base, straw-coloured towards tip. Corolla blue. ( Fig. 1 ) Phenology: —Flowering in April and fruiting in May. Ethymology: —The specific epithet refers to Barez Mountain in Kerman province of Iran where the type specimen was collected. FIGURE 1. Type specimen of Echinops barezicus ( Mozaffarian 79876 , TARI!): a) indumentum of stem, b1) indumentum of upper surface of leaves, b2) indumentum of lower surface of leaves, c) lower capitula, d) upper capitula. Taxonomical notes: —Three closely related taxa are E. gedrosiacus var. glaber Mozaffarian (2008a: 294) , E. gedrosiacus var. gedrosiacus and E. glanduloso-punctatus Rechinger (1979: 24) , from which the new species differs in some characters as listed in Table 2 . TABLE 2. Diagnostic morphological characters of E. barezicus compared with its closely related taxa.

Name of taxa	E. gedrosiacus var. glaber	E. gedrosiacus var. gedrosiacus	E. glanduloso-punctatus	E. barezicus
Characters
Division of basal leaves	Pinnatisect	Pinnatisect	Broadly sinuate-dentate	Lobate-dentate
Indumentum of upper surface of leaves	Short stalked glandular hairs; denser arachnoid indumentum along midribs and significantly marmorate	Short stalked glandular hairs; denser arachnoid indumentum along midribs and significantly marmorate	Very short stalked glandular hairs; denser arachnoid indumentum along midribs and significantly marmorate	Only short stalked glandular hairs, arachnoid and marmorate along midribs
Upper capitula	Cornigerous	Cornigerous	Non-cornigerous	Cornigerous
Indumentum of phyllaries in upper capitula	Glabrous	Lanate	Lanate	Glabrous

Distribution and habitat: —The new species is endemic to southeast of Iran ( Fig. 2 ). Additional specimens examined ( paratypes ): — IRAN . Kerman : ca. 25 km from Jiroft to Bam , 570 m , 3 May 2000 , Mozaffarian 79879 ( TARI !) ; Kerman : ca. 25 km from Jiroft to Bam , 570 m , 3 May 2000 , Mozaffarian 79878 ( TARI !) ; Baluchestan : Nikshahr , Hichan , ca. 800 m , 9 April 1998 , Mozaffarian 77859 ( TARI !) ; Baluchestan : ca. 40 km from Jakigur to Ghasreghand , ca. 250 m , 8 April 1998 , Mozaffarian 77864 ( TARI !) ; Baluchestan : Iranshahr to Chahbahar , around Sarbaz village , ca. 600 m , 5 May 1995 , Mozaffarian 74380 ( TARI !) ; Kerman : Bam to Jiroft , Mohammad Abad-e Maskun , 1100 m , 3 May 2000 , Mozaffarian 79875 ( TARI !) .