New record of Didymocorypha Wood-Mason (Mantodea, Eremiaphilidae) from China, with description of a new high-altitude wingless mantis species in Asia Author Wu, Chao Author Liu, Chun-Xiang text ZooKeys 2020 922 51 64 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.922.47987 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.922.47987 1313-2970-922-51 6A2670F000404330A2E8C39ADE6C03E9 A24E20A0E71750EE8888298EF3A41B02 Didymocorypha Wood-Mason, 1877 Figs 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 Schizocephalus (Didymocorypha) : Wood-Mason, 1877: 221. Pyrgocotis : Stal , 1877: 14; Westwood 1889 : 3; Brunner de Wattenwyl 1893 : 59; Kirby 1904 : 218 (syn.); Giglio-Tos 1921 : 31 (syn.). Didymocorypha : Wood-Mason, 1882: 24; Westwood 1889 : 3; Brunner de Wattenwyl 1893 : 59; Bolivar 1897 : 303; Kirby 1904 : 218; Giglio-Tos 1919 : 57; Giglio-Tos 1921 : 31; Giglio-Tos 1927 : 116; Beier 1935 : 5; Beier 1964 : 942; Beier 1968 : 8; Ehrmann 2002 : 122; Otte and Spearman 2005 : 328; Ehrmann and Borer 2015 : 231; Schwarz and Roy 2019 : 115, 143. Type species. Schizocephalus (Didymocorypha) ensifera Wood-Mason, 1877 by original monotypy = Mantis lanceolata Fabricius, 1798. Diagnosis. Small-sized, slender (Figs 1 - 3 ). Head elongate (Fig. 4 ), with lateral lobes of vertex prolonged into triangular processes, running alongside each other but not fused. Compound eyes large, oblong. Lower frons approximately trapezoid. Pronotum slender, with nearly parallel lateral margins. Fore legs weak. Fore femur (Fig. 5A, B ) with 4 ventro-posterior and 4 discoidal spines; claw groove in the middle; fore tarsus much longer than tibia, and basal tarsomere longer than total length of remaining segments. Middle and hind legs slim without expansions but with genicular spines. Hind legs longer and stronger than mesolegs, similar to jumping legs of locusts. Male winged (Fig. 1A ) or wingless (Figs 1C , 3A ); if winged, fore wings hyaline, a little shorter than body. Female wingless (Figs 1B , 2 , 3C ). Figure 1. Didymocorypha spp. body in dorsal view and ootheca. A, C Male B female D oothecae. A D. lanceolata (Fabricius) B-D D. libaii sp. nov. (holotype and paratype). Figure 2. Didymocorypha libaii sp. nov. adult female in its natural habitat. Figure 3. Adult and nymph of Didymocorypha libaii sp. nov. in natural habitat. A Adult male B nymphs C feeding adult female D copulating adults E ecological habitat. Figure 4. Head of Didymocorypha spp., anterior view. A Male, D. lanceolata (Fabricius) B male, D. libaii sp. nov. (holotype) C female, D. libaii sp. nov. (paratype). Red arrows point to ocelli. Figure 5. Fore femur ( A, B ) and cerci ( C-E ) of Didymocorypha spp. A, B, D, E D. libaii sp. nov. C D. lanceolata (Fabricius). A Ventral view B dorsal view A, B, C, E male D female. Abbreviations: fb = femoral brush; ds = discoidal spines; gs = genicular spur; pvfs = posteroventral femoral spines. Abdomen long, narrow. Cerci well-developed, with each segment wide, flat, lanceolate (Fig. 5C-E ). Distribution (Fig. 7 ). India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China (new record).