A new species of Neoferdina and three new records of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) collected from Kumejima Island, southwestern Japan *
Author
Kogure, Yoichi
Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, 1 - 5939 - 22 Suido-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951 - 8121, Japan.
Author
Fujita, Yoshihisa
University Education Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan
text
Zootaxa
2012
2012-07-04
3367
1
252
260
https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3367.1.23
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.3367.1.23
1175-5326
5252134
Halityle regularis
Fisher, 1913
[New Japanese name: Ruriiro-mozaiku-hitode]
(
Fig. 4
)
Halityle regularis
Fisher, 1913: 211
;
1919: 362
. —
Döderlein 1935: 108
. — A.M.
Clark & Rowe 1971: 53
. —
Baker & Marsh 1976: 107
. —
Jangoux 1986: 124
. — A.M.
Clark 1993: 304
. —
Rowe & Gates, 1995: 102
.
Culcitaster anamesus
H.L.
Clark, 1914: 144
.
Halityle anamesus
.
— H.L.
Clark, 1946: 109
.
Material examined.
Two specimens, RUMF-ZE-00035 (larger specimen), RUMF-ZE-00036, KUMEJIMA 2009 Stn. Trawl-77, 26°
15.606
–15.929
ʹN, 126°
49.404
–49.985
ʹE,
91–105 m
,
20 November 2009
.
Description.
Two large specimens with R =
124.9 mm
, r =
90.3 mm
(R/r = 1.4), and R =
98.3 mm
, r =
72.3 mm
(R/r = 1.4). External features of larger specimen described below.
Abactinal side inflated (
Fig. 4A
). Abactinal plates covered with fine granule. Conspicuous, triangular papular areas among abactinal plates. Elliptical madreporite with radiating striae situated at approximately one-third r from center of disk. Longest diameter of madreporite
6 mm
.
Vertical lateral side of body formed by marginal plates. Total numbers of superomarginal and inferomarginal plates 20–22 and 40–44, respectively.
FIGURE 4.
Halityle regularis
Fisher, 1913
(RUMF-ZE-00035): A, abactinal view of entire animal in living condition; B, actinal view of entire animal in living condition; C, close-up of the proximal odd plate on the actinal surface showing the smooth surface, and coarse granules surrounding the plate; D, adambulacral armature on the 14th–13th adambulacral plates with arrows indicating the lanceolate pedicellariae (proximal region is on the right). Scales: A, B = 50 mm; C, D = 2 mm.
Actinal surface composed of regularly arranged actinal plates. Inner plates forming 3 longitudinal series along ambulacral furrow. Rhombic or triangular odd plate placed at proximal part of each series; other plates rectangular in shape. Series of plates adjacent to adambulacral plates extending to near arm tip. Outside these 3 longitudinal series, regularly arranged smaller plates forming 5 longitudinal series; these outer series composed of elliptical or roundish square plates without odd plates. Surface of actinal plate flat, relatively smooth. Eight to 9 actinal plates of each interradial area around mouth, surrounded by relatively large, coarse granules (
Fig. 4C
).
Adambulacral plate armed with 9–11 long, flat furrow spines. Just behind furrow spines, 3–4 large, domed subambulacral spines covered with coarse granules. These subambulacral spines in very close contact with each other, forming massive bumped shape. Between adambulacral plates, 1–2 large, lanceolate pedicellariae (
Fig. 4D
).
Distribution.
The
type
locality is the
Sulu
Archipelago in the southwestern
Philippines
at depth of
16 m
.
This species has also been collected from throughout the Indo-West and South Pacific region, including
New Caledonia
(
Jangoux 1986
), the
Philippines
, Western Australia,
Somalia
,
Madagascar
, and
Kenya
(
Baker & Marsh 1976
). The present study represents the first record of the species from
Japan
. The distribution range of the species is extended to north.
Remarks.
Halityle
Fisher, 1913
, is a monotypic genus. Hubert Lyman
Clark (1946)
transferred
Culcitaster anamesus
H. L.
Clark, 1914
, to
Halityle
, but it is regarded as a junior synonym of
H. regularis
(
Baker & Marsh 1976
; A.M.
Clark 1993
;
Döderlein 1935
).
The general appearance of the abactinal surface of this species bears some resemblance to that of
Culcita novaeguineae
Müller & Troschel, 1842
, which is abundant in the coral reefs of the Ryukyu Islands.
Halityle regularis
can be distinguished from
C. novaeguineae
by the regularly arranged actinal plates, and the unique colouration. The actinal plates of
H. regularis
are smooth and conspicuously tessellated, whereas those of
C. novaeguineae
are obscure and covered by numerous granules. The base colour of the abactinal and actinal surfaces of
H. regularis
is dark or light brown. In contrast to this inconspicuous base colour, the ambulacral furrows, and plates around the mouth are vividly coloured. The colouration of the adambulacral plates, mouth plates, and tube feet are bright yellow. The most striking colour is observed around the mouth: 8–9 actinal plates around the mouth plates of each interradial area are coloured cobalt blue with a bright yellow fringe (
Fig. 4B
).