Allium izmirense Pirhan, sp. nov. (Amaryllidaceae), a new species of Allium sect. Codonoprasum Rchb. from Turkey Author Pirhan, Ademi Fahri Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir (Turkey) ademipirhan@hotmail.com text Adansonia 2022 3 2022-04-27 44 13 133 133 journal article 55759 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a13 ef17751c-1af7-4d47-97fc-a036e4a8758c 1639-4798 6511531 Allium izmirense Pirhan , sp. nov. ( Figs 1 ; 2 ) Allium izmirense sp. nov. is easily distinguished from A. carlstroemi C. Catt. mainly by its cylindrical and pubescent leaves (vs semicylindrical and glabrous), leaf sheaths for 1/3-1/2of stem length (vs 1/4), 5-20 flowered umbel (vs 6-44 flowered), umbel wide 1-1.5 cm (vs 3-5.5 cm ), pedicels length 0.5-1.5 cm (vs 1.7-3.7 cm ), flowers campanulate and pinkish purple with distinct midrib (vs conical-campanulate and glossy purplish mauve without distinct midrib), style length 2-3 mm (vs 5.5-6 mm ). TYPE . — Turkey . İzmir : Tire , Aydin Mountain , open mountain slopes, calcareous rocky areas, 38°1’50.37”N , 27°39’22.64”E , 1123 m , 06.VI .2017 , A.F. Pirhan & H.Yĭldĭrĭm 5748 ( holo- , EGE ! ; iso- , EGE !; HUB !; NGBB !) . PARATYPES . — Turkey . İzmir , Tire , Aydin Mountains , open mountain slopes, calcareous rocky areas, 1100 m , 20.07.2017 , A.F. Pirhan & H.Yĭldĭrĭm 6380 ( EGE !) ; 09.05.2019 , A.F. Pirhan & H.Yĭldĭrĭm 3759 (EGE!) . AFFINITY. — Allium izmirense sp. nov. is related to Allium carlstroemi C. Catt. , A. stamineum Boiss. , A. armenum Boiss. , A. tchihatschewii subsp. dumanii (Koyuncu & Koçyigit) Yild. , A. hoshabicum Firat , and A. huber-morathii Kollman. It is especially closely related to A. carlstroemi . FLOWERING TIME. — June. FRUITING TIME. — June-July. SEED MORPHOLOGY. — Seeds 2-3 per capsule, 2.1-2.3 × 1.2-1.4 mm , black, ovate to narrow-ovate ( Fig. 3 ). Testa surface has irregular and elongated polygonal testa cells. Periclinal walls bearing several verrucae and mostly one larger central verruca combined with depressed and striate anticlinal walls were also present. Anticlinal walls flat, with irregularly-shaped granules and flat verrucae. POLLEN MORPHOLOGY. — Pollen grains yellowish, as monads; prolate; exine ornamentation microrugulate and microperforate; equatorial axis (E) roughly 25 to 30 µm long; polar axis (P) roughly 14 to 18 µm wide ( Fig. 3 ). ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet is derived from İzmir Province , where the new species was first discovered. The Turkish name of this species is given as “tiresoğani”, according to the guidelines of Menemen et al. (2013) . DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT AND ECOLOGY . — Allium izmirense sp. nov. is a local endemic to the Aydin Mountain range, which extends across both İzmir and Aydin in western Anatolia , and belongs to the element of the Mediterranean floristic region. It colonizes only calcareous rocks above Kaplan Village in the district of Tire , in İzmir ( Fig. 4 ), preferably with an eastern to northeastern orientation, at elevations of 1050-1115 m . SPECIES CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — The new species has a very restricted distribution. The area of occupancy for Allium izmirense sp. nov. was calculated as 0.025 km 2, in which about 300-350 individuals were estimated to occur. Overgrazing by sheep and goat herds was observed. There was also a high anthropogenic effect on A. izmirense sp. nov. due to the existence of a wind power plant installed within the population. According to the IUCN criteria ( IUCN 2016 ), A. izmirense sp. nov. was evaluated as Critically Endangered (CR) B2ab (ii,iii,v). FIG. 1. — Allium izmirense Pirhan , sp. nov. : A , habitus; B , early stage of flower; C , perigone with shorter filaments; D , perigone with longer filaments; E , details of the sheath; F , ovary; G , capsule. Drawn by Seval Erdem. Scale bars: A, 3 cm; B, F, 1 mm; C, D, G, 2 mm; E, 1 cm. FIG. 2. — Allium izmirense Pirhan , sp. nov. : A -E , inflorescence; F , blooming; G , individuals in field; H , leaf and leaf sheath indumentum; I , individuals in fruiting stage. FIG. 3. — Allium izmirense Pirhan , sp. nov. : A , B , pollen grains; C , details of pollen surface in SEM photos; D , seed; E , F , details of seed testa in SEM photos. Scale bars: A, 30 µm; B, 10 µm; C, 3 µm; D, 1 mm; E, 500 µm; F, 200 µm. DESCRIPTION Bulb ovoid to subglobose, 0.6-1.5 × 0.4-1 cm , outer tunics papyraceous, light to dark brown; inner tunic straw colored to very pale pinkish-purple; bulblets absent. Scape 3.5-10 cm long above ground and 1-2 mm wide, erect, terete, glabrous, rarely slightly hairy, greenish, sometimes with slightly purplish tinged, densely punctate cylindrical, 0.6-1 mm in diameter, covered by leaf sheaths for 1/3-1/2 of its length; sheaths densely pubescent. Leaves 2-3, fistulose, 4.5-13 cm long, pubescent; hairs very dense at the middle of the leaf, step by step reduced to apex; sometimes near apex glabrous, hairs mostly slightly retrorse-pubescent. Spathe persistent, with two unequal valves, erect to erecto-patent; valves generally longer than umbel, very rarely shorter; the longer valve 1.4-3(-6) cm long, 5-nerved; shorter valve 0.5-1.4 cm long, 3-nerved; attachment opposite. Inflorescence lax, globose to fastigiate, 5-20 flowered; pedicels unequal, 0.5-1.5(-2) cm long, pinkish-purple to purplish; bracts present, membranous; umbel l-2 × 1-2 cm ; bulbil absent. Perigone campanulate, with equal outer and inner tepals. Tepals 2.5-4 × 1.5-2 mm , pale pinkish-purple to whitish-purple, oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, with dark purplish midrib, glabrous, acute at apex. Stamens simple, shorter to slightly exserted tepals; filaments purplish, sometimes whitish at apex, subulate, 2.5-3.8 mm long, connate at base into an annulus c. 1 mm high; anthers yellow, ellipsoid, rounded at apex, 0.7-1 × 0.5-0.7 mm . Ovary widely ellipticglobose, greenish, stipitate, 1.5-2- 1.5-2 mm ; style 2-3 mm long, whitish. Capsule widely obovate to subglobose, 2.5-5 × 2.5-5 mm long, straw colored. DISCUSSION Allium izmirense sp. nov. belongs to Allium sect. Codonoprasum based on its morphological features. It shows an affinity to some pinkish to purplish flowered species in this section. A. izmirense sp. nov. is related to Allium carlstroemi Cattaneo , A. stamineum Boiss. , A. armenum Boiss. , A. tchihatschewii subsp. dumanii (Koyuncu & Koçyigit) Yild. , A. hoshabicum Firat , and A. huber-morathii Kollman. Allium izmirense sp. nov. is especially related to the species A. carlstroemi , but it is easily distinguished by its cylindrical and pubescent leaves (vs semicylindrical and glabrous), leaf sheaths for 1/3-1/2 of stem length (vs 1/4), 5-20 flowered umbel (vs 6-44 flowered), umbel wide 1-1.5 cm (vs 3-5.5 cm ), pedicels length 0.5-1.5 cm (vs 1.7-3.7 cm ), flowers campanulate and pinkish purple with distinct midrib (vs conical-campanulate and glossy purplish mauve without distinct midrib), style length 2-3 mm (vs 5.5-6 mm ). Allium izmirense sp. nov. is also easily distinguished from other related species. it differs from A. stamineum by its outer tunic papyraceous, light to dark brown and without strips (vs coriaceous, greyish-black, split into strips), scape 3.5-10 cm long (vs 10-50 cm ), leaves cylindrical and pubescent (vs semicylindrical and glabrous), spathe shorter valves 0.5-1.4 cm long, longer valves 1.4- 3(-6) cm long (vs shorter valves 3-7 cm , longer valves 7-12 cm ), umbel 5-20 flowered and 1-1.5 cm wide (vs 25- 70 flowered, 3-8 cm wide), pedicel length 0.5-1.5 cm (vs 1-4 cm ), tepal length 2.5-3.5 mm (vs 4.5-5.5 mm ), ovary stipitate (vs not stipitate); from A. armenum by its outer tunic papyraceous, light to dark brown and without strips (vs membranaceous, greyish-black), leaf sheaths for 1/3-1/2 of stem length (vs to 1/3), scape 3.5-10 cm long (vs 6-25 cm ), cylindrical and pubescent leaves (vs semicylindrical and scabrid), spathe shorter valves 0.5-1.4 cm long, longer valves 1.4-3(-6) cm long (vs shorter valves 0.5-1.5 cm , longer valves 1-2 cm ), umbel wide 1-1.5 cm (vs 2-3 cm ), pedicel length 0.5-1.5 cm (vs 1-4 cm ), tepal length 2.5-3.5 mm (vs 4.5-5.5 mm ), filaments 2.5-3.8 mm long (vs 4.5 mm ), ovary stipitate (vs not stipitate), style 2-3 mm long (vs 4-4.5 mm ); from A. tchihatschewii subsp. dumanii by its outer tunic light to dark brown (vs greyish-brown leaf sheaths for 1/3-1/2 of stem length (vs 1/2-2/3), leaves pubescent (vs glabrous), spathe longer valve 1.4-3(-6) cm long (vs 0.6-1 cm ), pedicel length 0.5- 1.5 cm long (vs 0.3-0.6 cm ), tepal pinkish purple, with distinct midrib (vs purplish mauve, midrib not distinct), anther yellow (vs purple), style 2-3 mm long (vs 3-4 mm ); from A. hoshabicum by its outer tunic light to dark brown and without strips (vs membranaceous, blackish -grey, split into strips), leaf sheaths for 1/3-1/2 of stem length (vs 1/2-2/3), leaves pubescent (vs glabrous), spathe shorter valves 0.5-1.4 cm long, longer valves 1.4-3(-6) cm long (vs shorter valves 1-2 cm longer valves 1-2 cm ), umbel wide 1-1.5 cm long (vs 2.5-3 cm ), tepal length 2.5-3.5 mm (vs 4-4.5 mm ), filaments 2.5-3.8 mm long (vs exserted, 4-4.5 mm ), ovary elliptic-globose (vs cylindrical-ovate), style 2-3 mm long (vs 3-6 mm ); from A. huber-morathii by its outer tunic papyraceous, light to dark brown and without strips (vs coriaceous, black or greyish-brown), scape 3.5-10 cm long (vs 10-25 cm ), leaf sheaths for 1/3- 1/2 of stem length (vs to 1/3), cylindrical and pubescent leaves (vs semicylindrical and scabrid), spathe shorter valves 0.5-1.4 cm long, longer valves 1.4-3(-6) cm long (vs shorter valves 0.5-1 cm , longer valves 1-2 cm ), umbel wide 1-1.5 cm (vs 2.5-3 cm ), pedicel length 0.5-1.5 cm (vs 1-2 cm ), tepal length 2.5-3.5 mm (vs 4-4.5 mm ), filaments 2.5-3.8 mm long (vs 4-4.5 mm ), style 2-3 mm long (vs 4-4.5 mm ). Detailed morphological differences between the new species and other related Allium species are summarized in Table 1 .