Two new species of Mycodrosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) proposed by molecular and morphological approaches, with a key to American species Author Junges, João Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Author Gottschalk, Marco Silva Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Author Loreto, Elgion Lucio da Silva Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Author Robe, Lizandra Jaqueline Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil text Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 2016 Rev. Bras. Entomol. 2015-12-14 60 1 30 39 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.11.008 journal article 10.1016/j.rbe.2015.11.008 1806-9665 10664727 A31498AD-E804-4ABC-9C90-713E558D66F1 Mycodrosophila hofmanni sp. nov. ( Figs. 4A–C , 5A , 6A , 7A–E ) Type material. HOLOTYPE : ♂ , labeled “Brasil, RO. Colorado do Oeste 13 ◦ 00 Ɩ 37.7 ƖƖ S; 60 ◦ 35 Ɩ 24.9 ƖƖ W, Junges, J. col. 5.I.2012 / M. hofmanni sp. nov. Junges, Gottschalk, Loreto and Robe ♂ Holótipo ”, post-abdomen disarticulated and the terminalia mounted on slide with Canada balsam . PARATYPES : ♂ , labeled “ Brasil , RO. Colorado do Oeste. Zona rural, 13 ◦ 00 Ɩ 37.7 ƖƖ S; 60 ◦ 35 Ɩ 24.9 ƖƖ W, Junges, J. col. 5.I.2012 / M. hofmanni sp. nov. Junges, Gottschalk, Loreto and Robe ♂ Parátipo ”, post-abdomen disarticulated and the terminalia Fig. 3. Majority-rule consensus tree recovered through maximum parsimony analysis of the morphological characters listed in Table 2 showing the external similarities among the eight known Neotropical Mycodrosophila species. This tree was rooted with the three Nearctic’s species ( M. claytonae , M. dimidiata and M. stalkeri ). The values above the nodes represent the percentage of maximum parsimonious trees recovering the clade, so that conflicting relationships are highlighted by intermediate support values (i.e. 50%). 34 J. Junges et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 60 (2016) 30–39 Fig. 4. Mycodrosophila hofmanni sp. nov. , paratype male, terminalia removed. (A) Lateral view; (B) dorsal view; (C) head, frontal view. Mycodrosophila valentae sp. nov. , paratype male, terminalia removed. (D) Lateral view; (E) dorsal view; (F) head, frontal view. Bars: A and B = 0.5 mm; D and E = 1.0 mm; C and F = 0.2 mm. mounted on slide with Canada balsam; male, slide with terminalia labeled “Brasil, RO. Colorado do Oeste. Zona rural, 13 ◦ 00 Ɩ 37.7 ƖƖ S; 60 ◦ 35 Ɩ 24.9 ƖƖ W, Junges, J. col. 5.I.2012 / M. hofmanni sp. nov. Junges , Gottschalk , Loreto and Robe ♂ Parátipo ” (GenBank accession number KC987477) . Type locality: Amazonian forest fragment, Colorado do Oeste city, Rondonia State , Brazil (13 ◦ 00 Ɩ 37.7 ƖƖ S; 60 ◦ 35 Ɩ 24.9 ƖƖ W) . Diagnosis: Main color dark brown. Thorax with dorsal region dark brown and pleura pale yellowish ( Fig. 4A and B ). Abdomen with dark brown bands covering tergites 2–5, tergite 2 with a pale central area backward projected centrally, tergite 5 with the dark band covering only the posterior margin, with a slight central and anterior projection, and tergite 6 with a central longitudinal stripe ( Fig. 5A ). Wing bearing two clouded bands extending dorso-ventrally below to each costal vein breaks ( Fig. 6A ), similar to M. projectans . Aedeagus projected anteriorly with apical region bifurcated and jagged ( Fig. 7C–E ). Fig. 5. Illustration of the abdominal patterns for Mycodrosophila species. (A) M. hofmanni sp. nov. ; (B) M. valentae sp. nov. Drawing outlines based on Wheeler and Takada (1963) . Fig. 6. Wings of M. hofmanni sp. nov. (A) and M. valentae sp. nov. (B). Bar = 0.5 mm. Fig. 7. Male terminalia of M. hofmanni sp. nov. holotype. (A) Epandrium, cerci, surstyli and decasternum, posterior view; (B) hypandrium and gonopods, posterior view; (C–E) aedeagus, aedeagal apodeme and paraphyses, respectively in ventral, dorsal and lateral views. In A, arrow indicates decasternum position. Bar = 0.1 mm. Male description Head ( Fig. 4C ): Frons dark brown. Frontal length = 0.24 mm ( 0.21–0.25 mm ); frontal index = 0.81 (0.86–0.91); frontal tapering ratio = 1.18 (1.13–1.22), length ratio of orbital setae: or2/or1 = 0.16, or2/or3 = 0.33, or1/or3 = 1.00; vertical setae broken; ocellar triangle yellowish about 32% (30–33%) of frontal length. Facial carina proeminent and nose like. Antennae brown, aristae with 4 dorsal and 1 ventral branches plus terminal fork, flagellomere I width to length ratio = 0.90 (0.87–0.93). Palpi dark brown. Red eyes without pile. Genae brown, vibrissal index = 0.60 (0.45–0.75); cheek index = 5.47 (4.43–7.00); eye index = 1.11 (1.07–1.15). Thorax ( Fig. 4A–B ): Main color dark brown. Length: 0.67 mm ( 0.62–0.70 mm ), width: 0.54 mm ( 0.50–0.57 mm ). Eight irregular rows of acrostichals, anterior pair of dorsocentral setae absent, distance between posterior dorsocentral = 0.26 mm ( 0.22–0.30 mm ); no prescutellar setae. Scutellum dark brown. Basal scutellar setae convergent. Scut index = 0.54 (0.45–0.64); scut position index = 0.61 (0.50–0.70). Two prominent katepisternal setae. Sterno index = 0.54 (0.45–0.63). Pleurae brownish yellow. Halter dark brown. Legs yellowish. Wing ( Fig. 6A ): Yellowish with dark yellow veins, bearing two clouded bands extending dorso-ventrally below each costal vein breaks. Length = 1.53 mm ( 1.50–1.57 mm ). Indices: wing index = 2.27 (2.17–2.33); C = 0.90 (0.88–0.92); ac = 5.95 (5.40–6.25); 4v = 2.04 (1.52–2.38); 5x = 1.85 (1.55–2.00); 4C = 1.79 (1.31–2.15); M = 0.51 (0.42–0.70); hb = 0.63 (0.60–0.66); prox. x = 0.56 (0.42–0.69). Abdomen ( Fig.5A ): Tergites 2–5 with dark brown bands. Tergite 2 with the pale area occupying almost half of the anterior margin, with a backward central projection. Tergite 5 with the band covering only the posterior margin and containing a slight central projection. Tergite 6 bearing one central longitudinal strip. Body length: 1.51 mm ( 1.50–1.55 mm ). Terminalia ( Fig. 7 ): Epandrium microtrichose with 5 upper bristles, ventral lobe not microtrichose with 7 large bristles. Cerci microtrichose bearing large bristles, not fused to epandrium. Decasternum as in Fig. 7A . Surstyli with 12–13 prensisetae, 2–3 inner and 3–4 outer setae. Hypandrium ( Fig.7B ) in an arc. Gonopods large, fused to hypandrium and containing short piles and one seta. Aedeagus ( Fig. 7C–E ) projected anteriorly, with the apical region bifurcated and jagged, internal margin of the aedeagus with rows of tiny setae. Aedeagal apodeme flattened laterally and shorter than aedeagus. Ventral rod projected anteriorly and fused with the posteromedian margin of the hypandrium. Paraphyses microtrichose, fused to the gonopods and containing three inner setulae. Fig. 8. Brazilian biomes, according to IBGE (2013) , and the occurrence records from the two new Mycodrosophila species. Stars indicate M. hofmanni sp. nov. , triangles indicate M. valentae sp. nov. The black symbols indicate the type locality of each species. Female unknown. Etymology: The epithet is a genitive patronym to honor the Brazilian Drosophilist Paulo Roberto Petersen Hofmann, from Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina . Geographic distribution: M. hofmanni sp. nov. was sampled in two fragmented areas from Brazilian Amazon Forest in Colorado do Oeste city, Rondônia (RO) (13 ◦ 00 Ɩ 37.7 ƖƖ S; 60 ◦ 35 Ɩ 24.9 ƖƖ W) ( Fig. 8 ). Ecological notes: The records are restricted to the type locality, and the type series specimens were collected flying over mushrooms of Mycena sp. ( Agaricales , Mycenaceae ) ( Fig. 1 ).