Four new species of the spider genus Liphistius (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae, Liphistiinae) from Myanmar Author Xu, Xin 0000-0001-5632-6622 College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, Hunan Province, China & State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (CBEE), School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, Hubei Province, China Author Zhan, Yi College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, Hunan Province, China Author Aung, Khin Pyae Pyae Department of Zoology, University of Yangon, Kamayut Township, Pyay Road, Yangon, 11041, Myanmar & Department of Biology, Taungoo Education Degree College, Taungoo, 08101, Myanmar Author Liu, Fengxiang State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (CBEE), School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, Hubei Province, China Author Yu, Long 0000-0001-5675-1864 State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (CBEE), School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, Hubei Province, China Author Li, Daiqin 0000-0001-8269-7734 State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (CBEE), School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, Hubei Province, China & Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 text ZooKeys 2024 2024-08-16 1210 99 115 journal article 10.3897/zookeys.1210.123986 6972216E-2356-4DF7-BD24-2B6B68E639B4 Liphistius nawngau Zhan & Xu sp. nov. Figs 7 , 8 Type material. Holotype : Myanmar ♂ , Shan State , Kyaukme Dist. , Nawnghkio Township , Nawng Au Vill. ; 22.26 ° N , 96.83 ° E , alt. 1096 m ; 26. 07. 2019 ; D. Li et al. leg.; XUX-2019-054A . Paratypes : 9 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ , same data as for holotype; XUX-2019-054 / 054 A / 055 / 055 A / 055 B / 055 D / 056 / 056 A / 057 / 058 / 059 / 060 ; 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ , same township as for holotype; 22.30 ° N , 96.73 ° E , alt. 845 m ; 26. 07. 2019 and 14. 07. 2018 ; XUX-2019-049 / 051 / 052 / 053, XUX-2018-116 / 119 / 123 . Diagnosis. The male of L. nawngau sp. nov. resembles those of L. lordae and L. pyinoolwin in having an adpressed proximal tegular margin (Fig. 7 C, F ), but it can be distinguished from them by the tegulum ( T ), which bears a distinct transversal ridge in retrolateral view (Fig. 7 C, F vs lacking transversal ridge, figs 5, 6 in Schwendinger 1990 ; fig. 4 F in Xu et al. 2021 ), and by the embolus (E), which has smooth longitudinal ridges reaching tip (Fig. 7 E vs having several denticles along longitudinal ridges, fig. 4 F in Xu et al. 2021 ). The female of L. nawngau sp. nov. can be distinguished from that of L. hpruso by having the posterior stalk triangular ( PS ) (Fig. 8 vs nearly oval, fig. 3 B – E in Aung et al. 2019 ). Figure 7. Male palp of Liphistius nawngau sp. nov. A, E prolateral view B ventral view C, F retrolateral view D dorsal view, red arrows show arched projection and triangular process of CT G distal view. Abbreviations: CT = contrategulum; cp = contrategular process; Cu = cumulus; E = embolus; PC = paracymbium; PeP = paraembolic plate; ST = subtegulum; T = tegulum; TiA = tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Figure 8. Vulva of Liphistius nawngau sp. nov. A, C dorsal view B, D ventral view. Abbreviations: CDO = central dorsal opening; GA = genital atrium; PS = posterior stalk; PPl = poreplate; RC = receptacular cluster. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Description. Male holotype . Carapace brown with few short, scattered bristles; opisthosoma brown, with 12 brown tergites, close to each other, 2–6 th larger than others, 5 th largest; chelicerae robust, promargin of cheliceral groove with 11 denticles of variable size; labium and sternum yellowish brown, sternum with few short setae on anterior tip and many long setae on elongated posterior tip; legs yellowish brown, with strong setae and spines. Measurements: BL 15.47, CL 6.63, CW 6.57, OL 7.73, OW 5.56; eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.72, PME 0.35, PLE 0.49, AME – AME 0.08, AME – ALE 0.20, PME – PME 0.08, PME – PLE 0.07, ALE – PLE 0.81, ALE – ALE 0.11, PLE – PLE 0.16, AME – PME 0.12; labium 0.81 long and 0.58 wide; sternum 2.59 long and 1.01 wide; legs: I 19.58 (5.67, 2.78, 4.03, 4.68, 2.42), II 20.42 (5.66, 2.78, 4.13, 4.96, 2.89), III 22.62 (5.96, 2.63, 4.54, 6.29, 3.20), IV 28.26 (7.16, 2.75, 5.82, 8.55, 3.98). Palp: tibial apophysis ( TiA ) with four setae of similar length (Fig. 7 A – C ); paracymbium ( PC ) with several setae situated on tip (Fig. 7 A – C ); cumulus ( Cu ) slightly elevated, with 8 tapering spines (Fig. 7 A – C ); subtegulum (ST) with weakly developed apophysis (Fig. 7 B, F ); contrategulum ( CT ) with an arched projection distally, and triangular process with wide base (Fig. 7 D ); tegulum ( T ) with distinct transversal ridge in retrolateral view (Fig. 7 C, F ); paraembolic plate (PeP) narrow, sclerotized (Fig. 7 A, F ); embolus (E) with several longitudinal ridges reaching tip (Fig. 7 E, F ). Female paratype ( XUX- 2019-053 ). Carapace yellowish brown with few short, scattered bristles; opisthosoma brown, with 12 brown tergites, close to each other, with gray patches, 2–6 th larger than others, 5 th largest; chelicerae robust, reddish brown; promargin of cheliceral groove with 12 denticles of variable size; labium and sternum yellowish brown; legs with strong setae and spines. Measurements: BL 14.24, CL 6.10, CW 5.30, OL 7.12, OW 4.96; eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.57, PME 0.31, PLE 0.45, AME – AME 0.10, AME – ALE 0.17, PME – PME 0.09, PME – PLE 0.08, ALE – PLE 0.09, ALE – ALE 0.10, PLE – PLE 0.46, AME – PME 0.06; labium 1.23 long and 0.77 wide; sternum 2.68 long and 1.13 wide; palp 10.42 (3.63, 1.84, 2.77, 2.18), leg I 13.33 (4.16, 2.15, 2.90, 2.58, 1.54), II 16.85 (4.35, 2.26, 2.84, 2.84, 1.72), III 15.04 (4.37, 2.35, 2.90, 3.31, 2.11), IV 20.39 (5.92, 1.92, 4.48, 5.33, 2.74). Vulva: poreplate ( PPl ) with pair of large anterior lobes and pair of relatively small anterolateral lobes; central dorsal opening ( CDO ) located at center of poreplate ( PPl ); receptacular cluster ( RC ) racemose, protrudes upper edge of poreplate ( PPl ); posterior margin of triangular posterior stalk ( PS ) almost straight; lateral margins of genital atrium (GA) slightly sclerotized (Fig. 8 ). Variation. Males ( N = 14): BL 12.64–16.98, CL 6.27–7.56, CW 6.02–7.56, OL 6.95–8.50, OW 4.60–6.40; females ( N = 5): BL 10.55–14.24, CL 5.26–6.37, CW 4.47–5.63, OL 5.24–7.12, OW 4.33–4.96. The number of denticles on the promargin of male cheliceral groove varies from 10 to 13 ( N = 12); in females, the number of denticles on the promargin of cheliceral groove varies from 11 to 12 ( N = 5). The number of setae on tibial apophysis varies from 4 to 6. Etymology. The species epithet “ nawngau ” refers to the type locality, Nawng Au Village; it is treated as a noun in apposition. Distribution. Shan State , (Kyaukme District), Myanmar .