Taxonomic revision of Causonis (Vitaceae) in New Guinea Author Trias-Blasi, Anna Author Dee, R. Author Jimbo, Tiberius Author Jackes, Betsy Author Parmar, Gaurav text Edinburgh Journal of Botany 2022 2022-06-14 79 1895 1 10 http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/ejb.2022.1895 journal article 10.24823/EJB.2022.1895 1747-0036 12521478 2. Causonis maritima (Jackes) Jackes, Telopea 23: 70 (2020) . Cayratia maritima Jackes, Austrobaileya 2(4): 366 (1987) . – Type : Australia , Queensland , Cook , Lakefield National Park , 9.3 km north of Ranger’s Cottage , 15.116°S , 144.316°E , 26 vi 1982 , Jackes, B . R . s.n. ( holotype BRI [barcode AQ0441384 ]; isotypes A [barcode 00051579], CANB [barcodes CANB 375543.1 , CANB 375543.3 , CANB 375544.2 , CANB 375544.4 ], DNA [barcode DNA D0056167], K ! [barcode K000072595 ], L ! [barcodes L . 0763085, L . 0763086], MEL [barcode MEL 1582485 A ], NSW [barcode NSW 830674 , NSW 171693 ]) . Herbaceous climber. Stem angular, 2–4 mm in diameter, very branched, usually glabrous with simple hairs at nodes when young; tendril 3-furcate (occasionally 2-furcate), slender, wiry, leaf-opposed, cylindrical, with a non-coiling section followed by coiling section, 1.5–14 cm long, glabrous, lacking adhesive discs at the tips. Leaves compound, 3-foliolate, alternate; petiole 1–8 cm long, hairy as on stem, central petiolule 0.5–2.5 cm long, lateral petiolules 1–8 mm long, hooked hairs sometimes present; central leaflet blade ovate to rhomboid, 1–10 × 1–7 cm , base cuneate to rounded; lateral leaflet blade 2–8 × 2–6 cm , base oblique; margin dentate to crenulose, apex acute; adaxial surface almost glabrous at maturity except for the presence of uniseriate 3- to 14-celled hooked hairs on the midrib, abaxial side usually glabrous, occasionally with hooked hairs at the junction of the petiole and the lamina; veins inconspicuous. Inflorescence a ramified, axillary, mostly dividing dichotomously, corymbose, compound dichasium, 2–12 cm long; peduncle 1.5–16 cm long, hairy as on leaf to glabrous, pedicels 1–3 mm long, papillose. Buds ovoid, 1.25–2 × 1–2 mm . Calyx cupuliform, entire, margin sinuate, 0.5–0.75 × 1.5–2 mm , papillose. Corolla petals 4, ovate, 1.25–2.25 × 1–2 mm , apex cucullate, papillose. Stamens 4; filaments flattened, broadening at the base, 0.5–1 mm long; anthers orbicular, medifixed, 0.4–0.75 mm long. Ovary adnate to the disc; disc with 4 lobes, glabrous. Style conical, slender, 0.5–1 mm long; stigma inconspicuous. Fruit a berry, subglobose, 0.5–1.25 mm in diameter, glabrous, smooth, base attenuate. Seeds 2–4, triangular-obovoid, 5–7 × 4–7 mm , ventral infolds side conspicuous with 2 keels to cup-shaped cavities, dorsal side convex with a linear chalazal knot, endosperm nearly T-shaped in cross-section. See Figure 2A, F–H . Distribution . Australia , Brunei , China , India , Indonesia (Borneo, New Guinea , Sulawesi), Malaysia , Moluccas Islands, Papua New Guinea , Singapore , Solomon Islands and Vietnam . Distribution in New Guinea . Indonesia ( Irian Jaya ) and Papua New Guinea (Autonomous Region of Boubainville, Milne Bay ) (see Figure 1 ). Habitat and ecology . Coastal, alluvial or sandy soil, swamps, forest edge, regrowth; near sea level to 3500 m . Figure 2. Distinctive characters in New Guinea Causonis . A and B, Tendrils: A, Causonis maritima ; B, C. trifolia (adapted from Jackes, 1987 ). C–H, Seeds: C–E, Causonis trifolia (C, cross-section; D, ventral view; E, dorsal view); F–H, Causonis maritima (F, cross-section; G, ventral view; H, dorsal view). Drawn by A. Trias-Blasi. Phenology . Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Proposed IUCN conservation category . Causonis maritima is distributed from India and China to North Australia with no apparent threats, and therefore it can be treated as Least Concern (LC). In New Guinea , although we only have four collections, the EOO is calculated to be 676,693 km 2 , and therefore it is also considered to be Least Concern (LC). Additional specimens examined . INDONESIA . Irian Jaya : Snow Mountains [Maoke Mountains]: Bernhard Camp Idenburg River [Taritatu river], 3°40′S , 140°15′E , iv 1939 , Brass 13947 ( K [ K000871696 ], L [ L .2329267]). NW New Guinea , Pionier bivouac, vi 1926 , Docters van Leeuwen 9362 ( BO [2 duplicates], K [ K000871697 ]) . PAPUA NEW GUINEA . Autonomous Region of Bougainville province: SW of Toiumonapu Plantation , 6°10′S , 155°20′E , 2 vii 1963 , van Royen NGF16418 ( BO , K [ K000871707 ], L [ L .2329188]). Milne Bay province : Subdist Alotau, Haumo River , 3 miles out of Alotau on road to Gurney 2 miles east of Rabe village , 10°20′S , 150°25′E , 21 iii 1976 , Larivita LAE70553 ( K [ K000871688 ; sheet 2]) .