Taxonomic revision of the genus Ectamenognonus Buysson (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Elaterinae) from Japan Author Arimoto, Kôichi text Zootaxa 2022 2022-01-06 5087 2 306 334 journal article 2759 10.11646/zootaxa.5087.2.4 7886e4d1-ce99-4dc0-b445-f03e4d06df3d 1175-5326 5824232 701019E0-F757-40E9-A54D-F936DBE0BCC7 Ectamenogonus robustus ( Kishii, 1966 ) ( Figures 14–18 , 19A–F ) Homotechnes robustus Kishii, 1966: 28 (original description; type locality: Japan , Honshu , Gifu Prefecture , Motosu City , Nukumi Pass). Ectamenogonus robustus ; Kishii, 1998: 4 (changed generic status). Ectamenogonus takumii Kishii, 2006: 121 (original description; type locality: Japan , off Kyushu, Nagasaki Prefecture , Tsushima City (Tsushima Island), Mine Town, Mine, Nakazato). Syn. nov. Type material. Ectamenogonus robustus . Holotype . Male [GN-1435], Japan , Honshu , Gifu Prefecture , Motosu City , Nukumi Pass , 10 VIII 1956 , T . Syôji leg. Verbatim label data ( Fig. 17A ). “GN-1435”; “ HOLOTYPE ”; “ NUKUMI PASS / GIFU JAPAN / 10. VIII. ’56. T . SYÔJI ”; “ Homotechnes / robustus/ KISHII, 1966 / DET. T . KISHII, ’66” . Allotype . Female, Japan, Honshu, Kyoto Prefecture, Kyoto City, Shimogyô Ward, Sichijô-Ômiya, 2 IX 1959 , Takashi Kishii leg. Paratypes . Japan. Honshu. Niigata Prefecture . 1 female [3069], Shibata City , Akatani Valley , 2 IX 1961 , H. Koike leg. ; 1 male [58-118, GN. 2123], Tainai City , Kurokawa , 11 VIII 1958 , Kintarô Baba leg. Mie Prefecture . 1 male [ KER01 ], Tanakura (unknown place), 11 VIII 1961 , collector unknown. Shiga Prefecture . 1 male [ KER02 ], Takashima City (once Mizuo Village ), 29 VII 1963 , J. Kawai leg. Kyoto Prefecture . 1 female [ KER03 ], Kyoto City , Kita Ward , Kamigamo , 20 VII 1963 , H. Tamada leg. ; 1 female [ KER04 ], Kyoto City , Sakyô Ward , Matsugasaki , 19 VII 1963 , K. Kitagawa leg. ; 1 female [ KER05 ], Kyoto City , Sakyô Ward , Syȗgakuin , 19 IX 1957 , T . Syôji leg. ; 1 male [ GN . 364], Kyoto City , Arashiyama , 11 VIII 1953 , Takashi Kishii leg. ; 2 females [ KER06 , KER07 ], Kyoto City , Nishikyô Ward , Katsura , 10 VIII 1946 , Takashi Kishii leg. ; 1 male [3060], same place, 19 VIII 1965 , Shigeru Kazama leg.; 1 female [ KER08 ], Kyoto City , Mt. Kinugasa-yama , 14 VIII 1963 , Shirai leg. ; 1 female [ KER09 ], Kyoto City , Nishikyô Ward , Matsuo , 12 VII 1962 , H. Asao leg. ; 1 male [ KER10 ], same place, 20 VIII 1959 , Ishizawa leg. ; 1 female [ KER11 ], same place, 5 VIII 1965 , Shigeo Umeda leg. ; 1 female [3062], Nison-in , 4 VIII 1964 , Kôichi Kitagawa leg. ; 1 female [ KER12 ], Kyoto City , Fushimi Ward , Takeda , 2 IX 1961 , H. Nomura leg. ; 1 male [ KER13 ], same place, 26 VIII 1964 , T . Yagi leg. ; 1 male [ KER14 ], Kyoto City , Fushimi Ward , Momoyama , 29 VIII 1960 , Y. Toguchi leg. ; 1 female [ KER15 ], Kyoto City , Sakyô Ward , Mt. Daimonji-yama , 1 VIII 1964 , Yoshito Seto leg. ; 1 female [ KER16 ], Kyoto City , Higashiyama Ward , 12 VIII 1963 , S. Hirai leg. ; 1 female [ KER17 ], Kyoto City , Yamashina Ward , Mt. Ushio-san , 30 VII 1960 , S. Tomimura leg. ; 1 female [ KER18 ], Kyoto City , Kamigyô Ward , Kyoto Gosyo , 28 VIII 1963 , D. Mizutani leg. ; 1 male [ KER19 ], Kyoto City , Shimogyô Ward , Sichijô-Karasuma , 19 VII 1960 , K. Kane leg. ; 1 female [ KER20 ], Kyoto City , Higashiyama Ward , Maruyama Park , 29 VII 1957 , H. Ogura leg. ; 1 female [ KER21 ], Kyoto City , Sakyô Ward , Mt. Hiei-zan , 5 VIII 1956 , K. Ôta leg. ; 1 female [ KER22 ], Mukô City , Mukô-machi , 28 VIII 1964 , Takane Kinoshita leg. ; 1 female [ KER23 ], Uji City , 11 VIII 1958 , K. Dôkuni leg. ; 2 females [ KER24 , KER25 ], Uji City , 29 VIII 1959 , T . Horiguchi leg. ; 1 female [ KER26 ], Uji City , Ôbaku , 7 VIII 1965 , Sueo Yamada leg. ; 1 female [ KER27 ], Seika Town , 13 VIII 1962 , Y. Nishijima leg. Osaka Prefecture . 1 female [ KER28 ], Hirakata City , 1 VIII 1957 , T . Nakamura leg. Hyôgo Prefecture . 1 male [3068], Tazima , Kazumi Town , VIII 1959 , T . Takahashi leg.; 1 male [ KER29 ], Inagawa Town , 12 VIII 1963 , K. Kumeda leg. Shikoku. 1 female [3064], Tokushima Prefecture , Kuwadaira , 28 VII 1969 , T . Shibata leg. Holotype of Ectamenogonus takumii . Male , Japan , off Kyushu , Nagasaki Prefecture , Tsushima City ( Tsushima Island ), Mine Town , Mine , Nakazato , 11 VIII 2001 , Takumi Katô leg. Verbatim label data ( Fig. 19A ). “ HOLOTYPE ”; “8306”; “ ħDz県対馬峰町Ξffi / 中Ψ fi火 / 2001. 8. 11 / leg 加ü 琢Ƌ ”; “ Ectamenogonus / takumii/ Kishii, nov./ Det. T . KISHII, 2003”. Non-type material . Japan . Honshu. Aomori Prefecture . 1male [G.N. 363], Aomori City , Aburakawa , 29 VI 1944 , Takashi Kishii leg. Miyake Island. 1 male [ OER01 ], 9 VII 1964 , Tokyo Prefecture , Miyake Village , Tsubota , K. Yamaoka leg. Yamanashi Prefecture . 1 female [ ERF01 ], Nirasaki City , Hosaka Town , 13 VIII 1987 , T . Ueno leg. Shizuoka Prefecture . 1 female [ KER32 ], Shizuoka City , Hatanagi Dam , 1100 m , 22 VIII 1992 , Koji Hosokawa leg. Ishikawa Prefecture . 1 male [ KER30 ], Hakusan City , Mt. Haku-san , Bettôdeai , 18 VIII 2004 , K. Fuji leg. , at light trap . Nagano Prefecture . 1 female [ ERF02 ], Ina City , Todai , 1 VIII 1988 , Hisayuki Arimoto leg. ; 1 female [ ERF03 ], Kiso District , Nagiso Town , Azuma , Urushihata , Minamiararagi National Forest , 16 VIII 2012 , Ryôji Toyoshima leg. Gifu Prefecture . 1 male , 1 female [ ERM01 , ERF04 ], Takayama City , Syokawa Town (once Ôno District , Syokawa Village ), Ogamigô , 13 VIII 1995 , Nobuhisa Yuzawa leg. ; 1 male [ ERM02 ], same place as the former, 12 VIII 1995 , Nobuhisa Yuzawa leg. ; 1 female [ ERF05 ], Ôno District , Shirakawa Village , near Ôshira-kawa River , 15 VIII 1994 , N. Yuzawa leg. Shiga Prefecture . 1 male [ ERM03 ], Nagahama City (once Yogo Town ), 28 VII 1989 , Hisayuki Arimoto leg. ; 1 female [ MRF06 ], near Lake Biwa , 15 VIII 1974 , T . Tanaka leg. ; 1 female [ ERF07 ], Higashiômi City (once Kanzaki District , Eigenji Town ), Kiwada Town , 13 VIII 1999 , Hisayuki Arimoto leg. Kyoto Prefecture . 1 female [ KER33 ], Kyoto City , Sakyô Ward , Syôgo-in , 12 VIII 1960 , K. Adachi leg. Nara Prefecture . 1 male , 3 females [ ERM04 , ERF08–10 ], Yoshino District , Kamikitayama Village , Shintyaya-dani Valley , 800–1000 m , 14 VIII 2009 , Hiroshi Nozaki leg. ; 1 female [ ERF11 ], same place as the former, 800 m , 29 VII 2006 , Hisayuki Arimoto leg. ; 1 female [ MRF12 ], Nara City , Nara Park , 15 VIII 2012 , Tateo Itô leg. Shimane Prefecture . 1 female [3066], Unnan City , Daitô Town , 4 V 1968 , H. Kadowaki leg. Yamaguchi Prefecture . 1 female [ KER31 ], Hagi City (once Abu District , Fukuei Village ), 11 IX 1998 , Hiroaki Mukunoki leg. Oki Islands. 1 male [3065], Oki District , Okinoshima Town , Saigô , Ariki , 6 VIII 1966 , H. Kadowaki leg. Kyushu. Ôita Prefecture . 2 males [ ERM05 , ERM08 ], Kusu District , Kokonoe Town , Mt. Kuenhira-yama , 15 VIII 1998 , Seiya Ogata leg. , by light traps; 1 male [ ERM06 ], same place as the former, 23 VIII 2003 , Seiya Ogata leg. , by light traps; 1 male [ ERM07 ], same place as the former, 6 VIII 2005 , Seiya Ogata leg. , by light traps. 1 male [ ERM09 ], same place as the former, 17 VIII 2000 , Seiya Ogata leg. , by light traps; 1 female [ ERF13 ], same place as the former, 18 VII 2004 , Seiya Ogata leg. , by light traps. Tsushima Island. 2 females [ ERF14 , ERF15 ], Nagasaki Prefecture , Tsushima City , Izuhara Town , Tsutsu , 7–8 VIII 2009 , Kôichi Arimoto leg. Diagnosis. Antennae just or not reaching pronotum posterior lateral apices by apical antennomere in male. Antennomere IV 0.9–1.1 x longer than II–III combined. Prothorax 1.0–1.1 x longer than wide. Posterior edge of scutellar shield rounded but truncate in some. Elytra 2.4–2.6 x longer than wide, 2.1–2.6 x longer than pronotum length. Aedeagus 3.3 x longer than wide. Median lobe exceeding apices of parameres by apical 1/5 to 1/4. Paramere apex length 1.3–1.8 x width of parameres at expansions. Spiculum ventrale 3.6–3.8 x longer than sternite VIII. Ovipositor 1.2–1.3 x longer than length of midline of abdominal ventrites. Bursa copulatrix 1.0–1.1 x length of uterus, with a cluster of sclerotized spines. Measurements. Holotype of E . robustus . BL: 11.8, BW: 3.23, MAE: 1.88, MBE: 1.11; OI: 168, PL: 3.29, PML: 2.79, PW: 3.18, PI: 103, EL: 8.17, EW: 3.23, EI: 253, BI: 249. Holotype of E. takumii . BL: 12.1, BW: 3.49, MAE: 2.02, MBE: 1.19; OI: 170, PL: 3.72, PML: 3.13, PW: 3.49, PI: 107, EL: 8.08, EW: 3.37, EI: 239, BI: 217. Male ( 21 specimens ). BL: 10.9–13.3, BW: 3.04–3.64, MAE: 1.79–2.16, MBE: 1.05–1.35; OI: 159–171, PL: 3.24–3.99, PML: 2.71–3.33, PW: 3.01–3.64, PI: 101–110, EL: 7.27–8.71, EW: 3.04–3.60, EI: 236–255, BI: 214–243. Female ( 42 specimens ). BL: 11.7–16.2, BW: 3.22–4.63, MAE: 1.92–2.53, MBE: 1.16–1.60; OI: 152–170, PL: 3.19–4.88, PML: 2.69–4.06, PW: 3.17–4.63, PI: 101–111, EL: 8.03–10.98, EW: 3.22–4.57, EI: 235–253, BI: 214–255. FIGURE 14. Ectamenogonus robustus ( Kishii, 1966 ) , male. A: [ERM07]; B–F, J: [ERM01]; G: [KER14]; H, I: [ERM06]. A: habitus, ventral view; B: head, anterior view; C: head, ventral view; D: basal parts of right antenna and head, laterodorsal view; E: apical parts of right antenna; F: head, prothorax and mesothorax, lateral view; G: scutellum; H: mesothorax and metasternum, lateroventral view (white arrow: hypomeron slightly grooved next to impunctate ridge); I: border between mesosternum and metasternum, ventral view (arrow: posterior edge of mesosternum triangularly emarginate); J: posterior edges of elytra. FIGURE 15. Ectamenogonus takumii Kishii, 2006 , holotype, male. A: habitus, ventral view; B: head, anterior view; C: head, ventral view; D: basal parts of right antenna and head, laterodorsal view; E: apical parts of right antenna; F: head, prothorax and mesothorax, lateral view; G: scutellum; H: mesothorax and metasternum, lateroventral view; I: border between mesosternum and metasternum, ventral view (arrow: posterior edge of mesosternum triangularly emarginate); J: posterior edges of elytra. Redescription. Body widest near pronotum hind angles or posterior half of elytra; surface with microstructures; interspaces between punctures generally larger than puncture diameter but partly smaller than puncture diameter. Color. Body black-brown to red-brown ( Figs. 1F, 1G , 2A, 2B ). Labrum reddish ( Figs. 14C , 15C ).Antennae red-brown to orange ( Figs. 1F, 1G , 2A, 2B ). Mandible reddish but apical parts black ( Figs. 14C , 15C ). Maxillary palpomeres orange ( Figs. 14C , 15C ). Posterior edge of pronotum, anterior lobe of prosternum and mesial margin and posterior part of hypomeron reddish ( Figs. 1F, 1G , 2A, 2B , 14C, 14H , 15C, 15H ). Elytra around striae blackish, reddish in posterior margin ( Fig. 1F, 1G , 2A, 2B ). Legs red-brown to orange but partly blackish ( Figs. 14A , 15A ). Posterior margin of abdominal ventrite V orange ( Figs. 14A , 15A ). Male. Tergites and sternites VIII‒X and aedeagus yellow to yellow-brown but partly black-brown ( Figs. 16 , 17C–F ). Female. Tergites and sternites VIII red-brown ( Fig. 18A, B . Body covered with yellow-brown to red-brown setae. FIGURE 16. Ectamenogonus robustus ( Kishii, 1966 ) , male [EPM03]. A: tergite VIII; B: sternite VIII; C: tergites IX–X; D: sternite IX; E: aedeagus, dorsal view; F: aedeagus, ventral view; G: apical part of lateral lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view. FIGURE 17. Ectamenogonus robustus ( Kishii, 1966 ) , holotype, male. A: labels; B: slide; C: tergite VIII; D: sternite IX; E: aedeagus, dorsal view; F: apical part of lateral lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view. FIGURE 18. Ectamenogonus robustus ( Kishii, 1966 ) , female. A, C–G: [ERF09]; B: [ERF15], H: [ERF01]. A: genitalia; B: genitalia; C: tergite VIII, dorsal view; D: sternite VIII and tergite VIII, ventral view; E: sclerotized spines cluster in bursa copulatrix; F, G: long thin sac extending from apex of bursa copulatrix; H: apical part of ovipositor, ventral view. Head. Frons beyond eyes in anterior view 0.3 x longer than wide ( Figs. 14B , 15B ); supra-antennal carina in ventral view weakly emarginte medially ( Fig. 14C ). Male. Antennae just or not reaching pronotum posterior lateral apices by apical antennomere, extending beyond pronotum posterior margin excluding posterior angles by apical antennomere ( Fig. 1G ); antennomere II 1.0–1.2 x longer than wide; III 1.6–2.0 x longer than wide; IV 1.8–2.1 x longer than wide, 1.0–1.1 x longer than II–III combined ( Figs. 14D , 15D ), 1.0–1.1 x longer than V; V 1.7–2.0 x longer than wide; XI 2.4–2.6 x longer than wide ( Figs.14E , 15E ). Female. Antennae not reaching pronotum posterior margin excluding posterior angles by apical antennomere ( Fig. 1H ); antennomere II 0.9–1.4 x longer than wide; III 1.5–2.1 x longer than wide; IV 1.8–2.0 x longer than wide, 0.9–1.1 x longer than II–III combined, 1.0–1.2 x longer than V; V 1.5–1.9 x longer than wide; XI 2.0–2.4 x longer than wide. Prothorax 1.0–1.1 x longer than wide, widening posteriad, widest behind hind angles but at posterior lateral apices in some; sides rounded in anterior 1/3, straight in posterior 2/3. Pronotum without median longitudinal depression. Prosternum: ventral margin weakly inclined in anterior 1/5 (at 13–19 degrees against prosternal horizontal line, Figs. 14F , 15F ); anterior lobe exceeding anterior angles of prothorax ( Figs. 14F , 15F ). Prosternal process depressed between procoxae ( Figs. 14H , 15H ), in profile strongly inclined and then almost horizontal behind procoxae ( Figs. 14F , 15F ); sides of dorsal lobe broadly rounded, widest anteriorly; ventral margin of ventral lobe in profile straight anteriorly and rounded posteriorly; apex in ventral and lateral views rounded ( Figs. 14A , 15A ). Hypomeron slightly grooved next to impunctate ridge ( Fig. 14H : white arrow). Pronotosternal sutures moderately opened anteriorly ( Figs. 14H , 15H ). Scutellar shield 1.4–1.5 x longer than wide, widest anteriorly or near anterior half, broadly convex, strongly inclined anterior-downwards, not visible in profile ( Figs. 14F , 15F ); anterior edge straight but slightly rounded in some; sides broadly rounded anteriorly; posterior edge rounded but truncate in some. Mesosternum: posterior edge 0.1 x wider than mesosternum width, triangularly emarginate ( Figs. 14I , 15I : arrow), with widely rounded angles, borders of mesosternal cavity in profile horizontal anteriorly and then roundly and gradually inclined ( Figs. 14F , 15F ). Elytra 2.4–2.6 x longer than wide, 2.1–2.6 x longer than pronotum length; apex emarginate; apical outer edge of each elytron rounded; apical internal edge of each elytron slightly pointed or rounded (likely due to damage) ( Figs. 14J , 15J ). FIGURE 19. A–E: E . takumii Kishii, 2006 , holotype, male (= E . robustus ); G–K: E . takumii Kishii, 2006 , paratype, female (= E . plebejus ). A, G: labels; B, H: slide; C: tergite VIII; D: sternite IX; E: aedeagus, dorsal view; F: apical part of lateral lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; I: genitalia; J: sclerotized spines cluster in first half of bursa copulatrix; K: sclerotized spines rows in latter half of bursa copulatrix. Abdomen. Ventrite V 0.6–0.7 x longer than wide ( Figs. 14A , 15A ). Male. Tergite VIII 1.1–1.2 x longer than wide, rounded apically ( Fig. 16A ) but emarginate in a few. Sternite VIII with posterior edge almost straight ( Fig. 16B ). Tergite IX 1.1–1.3 x length of tergite X, with median notch rounded ( Fig. 16C ). Tergite X 1.0–1.1 x longer than wide, rounded apically ( Fig. 16C ). Sternite IX 2.5–2.9 x longer than wide, rounded apically ( Fig. 16D ). Aedeagus 3.3 x longer than wide ( Figs. 16E, 16F , 17E ). Phallobase 0.5 x total length of aedeagus, 1.5–1.7 x longer than wide. Median lobe exceeding apices of parameres by apical 1/5 to 1/4; basal struts 0.4 x total length of median lobe. Parameres fused ventrally; preapical expansions not projecting, slightly projecting laterally ( Figs. 16G , 17F ) or distinctly projecting laterally beyond side of apex ( Fig. 19F ); apex beyond preapical expansions blade-like shaped ( Figs. 16G , 17F ), rounded laterally, with two to four setae and zero to one sensilla dorsally, with one to four setae and three to ten sensilla ventrally; apex length 1.3–1.8 x width of parameres at expansions in ventral side. Female. Tergite VIII 1.4–1.5 x longer than wide ( Fig. 18C ). Sternite VIII 1.2–1.3 x longer than wide ( Fig. 18D ); spiculum ventrale 3.6–4.0 x length of sternite VIII ( Fig. 18A, B ). Ovipositor 1.2–1.3 x longer than length of midline of abdominal ventrites; coxites two segmented at ventral side ( Fig. 18H ), with some setae; stylus with setae around apex ( Fig. 18H ). Vagina long; uterus globular ( Fig. 18A, B ); bursa copulatrix U-shaped, short, 1.0–1.1 x length of uterus ( Fig. 18A, B ), with 35–55 sclerotized spines forming a row ( Fig. 18E ); long thin sac extending from apex of bursa copulatrix ( Fig. 18F ), with thin coiled sac near apex of bursa copulatrix ( Fig. 18F, G ). Comparative notes. Ectamenogonus robustus is distinguished from the Japanese congeners by the following contrasting characters (the other species in parentheses): antennomere IV 0.9–1.1 x longer than II–III combined (antennomere IV 1.1–1.5 x longer than II–III combined); prothorax 1.0–1.1 x longer than wide, PI: 101–111 (prothorax 1.1–1.2 x longer than wide, PI: 113–123); aedeagus 3.3 x longer than wide (aedeagus 3.6–4.3 x longer than wide); median lobe exceeding apices of parameres by apical 1/5 to 1/4 (median lobe exceeding apices of parameres by apical 1/4 to 1/3); paramere apex length 1.3–1.8 x width of parameres at expansions (paramere apex length 1.9–2.2 x width of parameres at expansions); bursa copulatrix 1.0–1.1 x length of uterus (bursa copulatrix 1.7–2.7 x length of uterus); bursa copulatrix with a cluster of sclerotized spines (bursa copulatrix with two clusters of sclerotized spines). Discussion. E . takumii should be a junior synonym of E . robustus . The status of E . takumii is discussed in detail under E . plebejus . Yaku Island was included in the range of E . robustus without specimen information ( Kishii, 1987 ). Subsequently, Kishii (1999) excluded the island from its range. This study examined a specimen from the island to which Kishii attached the identification label E . robustus (KEP32) in OMNH and found that the specimen belongs to E . plebejus based on features of the antennomere and bursa copulatrix. Hence, E . robustus was removed from Yaku Island following the treatment of Kishii (1999) . Distribution ( Fig. 20A ). Japan : Hokkaido , Honshu, Miyake Island (off Honshu), Oki Islands (off Honshu), Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima Island (off Kyushu) ( Kishii, 1999 ; this study). Ecology. This species is often collected by light traps at night ( Ôhira, 1999 ; Arimoto, 2017 ) and sometimes found in hollows of trees ( Ozaki et al. , 2006 ).