High diversity of Drosophilidae (Insecta, Diptera) in the Pampas Biome of South America, with descriptions of new Rhinoleucophenga species Author Poppe, Jean Lucas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Caixa Postal 15.053, 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. E-mail: lucaspoppe @ bol. com. br Author Schmitz, Hermes José Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA). Av. Tancredo Neves, 6731, Bloco 4. Caixa Postal 2044, 85867 - 970, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil. E-mail: hj. schmitz @ gmail. com Author Grimaldi, David American Museum of Natural History. Central Park West at 79 th St. New York, New York 10024 - 5192, USA, Phone: 212 - 769 - 5615. Email: grimaldi @ amnh. org Author Valente, Vera Lúcia Da Silva Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Caixa Postal 15.053, 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. E-mail: lucaspoppe @ bol. com. br & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. E-mail: vera. valente @ pq. cnpq. br & Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Caixa Postal 15.053, 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. vera.valente@pq.cnpq.br text Zootaxa 2014 2014-03-14 3779 2 215 245 journal article 5823 10.11646/zootaxa.3779.2.6 7264c303-f507-40d9-a6d7-7d4e0629d402 1175-5326 4910286 A00E240C-6761-40D9-8A49-5BB504A4AD9D Rhinoleucophenga sulina sp. nov. Type series . Holotype : ♂ labelled “ Rhinoleucophenga sulina ; HOLOTYPE ♂ ; Brazil , Rio Grande do Sul , Bossoroca. 28°44’53”S 54°56’38”W , 23.xii.2011 col.: JL Poppe ; banana bait”. Postabdomen of holotype dissected, stored in microvial with glycerin, stored on the same pin with the respective specimen. In FZB/RS . Paratypes : 1♂ and 2♀ labelled “ Rhinoleucophenga sulina ; PARATYPE ; Brazil , Rio Grande do Sul , Bossoroca. 28°44’53”S 54°56’38”W , 23.xii.2011 col.: JL Poppe ; banana bait”. In FZB/RS . Diagnosis . Head covered with ca. 60 scattered interfrontal setulae, thorax brownish and abdomen brownish with interrupted brown stripes on tergites II, III and IV; tergites V, VI and VII darker in the males and lighter in the females. Wings hyaline, C-index= 2.46 to male and 2.55 to female. Male terminalia as in Figure 10a–c . Description . ♂ . Head ( Fig. 4c ). Front brownish, covered with ca. 60 scattered interfrontal setulae, frontal length 0.61 mm (0.52–0.7); frontal index = 1.27 (1.11–1.44); top-to-bottom width ratio = 1.05 (1–1.11); ocellar triangle to front length ratio = 0.32 (0.30–0.34); or1/or3 ratio = 1.19 (1.14–1.25); or2/or1 ratio = 0.71 (0.66–0.76); vibrissal index = 0.24 (0.21–0.28). Carina prominent and sulcate. Cheek index = 8.33 (8.16–8.5). Eye index = 1.54 (1.5–1.58). Antenna of the same color as front, arista plumose, with 7 dorsal branches and 6 ventral branches plus terminal fork. Palpus in the same color as front, with ca. 20 setae along lower margin. Thorax ( Fig. 5c ). Thorax length 2.03mm (1.82–2.25). Scutum and scutellum brownish; 16 rows of acrostichal setulae. 3 pairs of prescutellar setae, the central pair strongest, about 59% (58–60) of posterior dorsocentral setae. Only one pair of postpronotal setae. Transverse distance between dorsocentral setae 4.53x (4.3–4.77) longitudinal distance. Basal scutellar setae divergent. Sterno index = 1.01 (1.01–1.02); median katepisternal setae absent. Halteres whitish yellow. Legs light yellow. FIGURE 10. Terminalia of Rhinoleucophenga sulina sp. nov. Epandrium (a), ventral view of aedeagus (b), dorsal view of aedeagus (c), dorsal view of female terminalia (d), spermatheca (e), ventral view of female terminalia (f). (Scale bars = 0.1 mm) Wings ( Fig. 6c ). Hyaline. Length 3.32mm (3.3–3.35); width 1.65mm (1.5–1.8). Indices: C = 2.46 (2.42–2.5); Hb = 0.37 (0.35–0.39); Ac = 1.50 (1.49–1.51); 4c = 1.28 (1.27–1.29); 4v = 2.5 (2.4–2.6); 5x = 2.1 (2.9–2.12); M = 1.10 (1.04–1.16); prox.x = 0.84 (0.8–0.88). Abdomen ( Fig. 7c ). Brownish, with medially interrupted brown stripes covering 1/3 of the tergites II, III, IV and 2/3 of the tergites V, VI and VII, making terminal portion of abdomen brown. Body length: 4.07mm (3.8–4.35). Terminalia ♂ ( Fig. 10a–c ). Epandrium microtrichose, fused with surstyli. Approximately 17 prensisetae and about 5 inner setae and 13 outer setae on each surstylus. About 15 upper and 30 lower setae on each sideof epandrium. Cerci small, with ca. 35 setae each, 3–4 longer setae in the apical portion. Aedeagus oval, wider medially, the apical portion is narrower than the base. Apodeme long and bifurcate in the posterior region. Hypandrium wider than length. ♀ . Head ( Fig. 4f ). Same color pattern and setation as in male. Front length = 0.56mm (0.52–0.6); frontal index = 1.3 (1.16–1.44); top-to-bottom width ratio = 1.29 (1.15–1.43); ocellar triangle to front length ratio = 0.29 (0.24– 0.34); or1/or3 ratio = 1.03 (0.95–1.10); or2/or1 ratio = 0.76 (0.76–0.77); vibrissal index = 0.35 (0.3–0.41). Cheek index = 11.97 (11.75–12.2). Eye index = 1.73 (1.72–1.73). Arista plumose with 8 dorsal branches and 6 ventral branches plus terminal fork. Other characters as in male. Thorax ( Fig. 5f ). Same color pattern as in the male. Thorax length 1.9mm (1.9–2). 12 rows of acrostichal setulae. 3 pairs of prescutellar setae, the central pair strongest, about 54% (52–56) of posterior dorsocentral setae. Transversal distance between dorsocentral setae 4.29x (3.72–4.86) longitudinal distance. Sterno index = 0.94 (0.93–0.95). Other characters as in male. Wings ( Fig. 6f ). Hyaline. Length 3.5mm (3.4–3.6); width 1.6mm (1.5–1.7). Indices: C = 2.55 (2.5–2.6); Hb = 0.32 (0.28–0.37); Ac = 1.44 (1.44–1.45); 4c = 1.25 (1.25–1.26); 4v = 2.53 (2.48–2.58); 5x = 2.17 (2–2.35); M = 1.14 (1.12–1.17); prox.x = 0.86 (0.84–0.88). Abdomen ( Fig. 7f ). The pattern of stripes of the tergites II, III and IV same as in the male, but lighter. Body length: 3.7mm (3.5–3.8). Terminalia ♀ ( Fig. 10d–e ). Cerci long with ca. 30 setae, 7 longer apical setae on each one. Epiproct with ca. 15 setae. Hypoproct with ca. 20 setae, 12 being longer. Spermathecal capsule slightly rounded. Etymology . The species name refers to Sul (the southernost part of Brasil ), where it was collected. Distribution . Known only from the type locality. Biology . Collected in fermented-banana traps, along the edges and inside forest patches.