Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae) Author Wanke, Dominic State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein & D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. & University of Hohenheim, Systematic Entomology (190 n), Garbenstr. 30, D- 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. Author Hausmann, Axel SNSB-ZSM, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany. Author Lee, Kyung Min Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box Author Murillo-Ramos, Leidys Grupo Biologi ́ a Evolutiva, Department of Biology, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. Corresponding author. Author Sihvonen, Pasi Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box Author Rajaei, Hossein State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein & D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. text Zootaxa 2023 2023-10-24 5359 1 1 96 https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5359.1.1/52094 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1 1175-5334 10147920 11CC5175-7CCE-453F-88EB-3490E82F4972 Scopula imitaria (Hübner, 1799) ( Plate 6 , Figs 15–16; Plate 16 , Fig. 3; Plate 24 , Fig. 4) Geometra imitaria Hübner, 1799 . Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge 5, Geometrae (1). Syntype (s) lost (Europe). Acidalia syriacaria Culot, 1918 : Noctuelles et Géomètres d’Europe 3: pl. 12, Fig. 246. Syntype (s) ( Syria ) (ZFMK). Valid at subspecific rank. Synonymies (for more details on nomenclature see Scoble 1999 and Hausmann 2004): Phalaena fimbriata Fourcroy, 1785 ( France : Paris). For the list of unavailable names, see Hausmann (2004). Material examined: 4 ♁/ ♀ (see appendix). Diagnosis. Wingspan ♁ ♀ 22–26 mm (Hausmann 2004). Scopula imitaria externally cannot be confused with any other Iranian Scopula species (see Remarks). Ground colour ( Plate 6 , Figs 15–16) variable, from beige, orange to light brown. Transversal lines well pronounced. In the male genitalia ( Plate 16 , Fig. 3) 8th sternite basally protruding, cerata variable in length. In the female genitalia ( Plate 24 , Fig. 4) antrum with trapezoid sclerite. Lamella antevaginalis strongly sclerotized. Signum long and narrow. Phenology. Generally, bivoltine species, with a first generation from mid-May to early July and a second generation from early August to mid-September (Hausmann 2004). Depending on where the populations occur, with a different number of generations, e.g., tri- or plurivoltine in the Levant (Hausmann 2004, Hausmann et al. 2020 ). Biology. Larva polyphagous on a wide range of plant species of different families (e.g., Ranunculaceae , Oleaceae , Fabaceae , Asteraceae ) (see Hausmann 2004). Habitat. Found at altitudes from 0 m to 1000 m , to 1400 m in southern Europe and Morocco and to 1500 m in the Levant (Hausmann 2004; Hausmann et al. 2020 ) . Distribution. A sub-mediterranean distribution from northern Africa, Portugal to Crimea, including the British Isles (Hausmann 2004). In Turkey , Cyprus and the Levant (Hausmann 2004; Hausmann et al. 2020 ). Although reported for the Caucasus, northern Transcaucasus and northern Iran , confirmation is still needed ( Viidalepp 1996 ; Hausmann 2004). If this species occurs in Iran , it would be represented by the subspecies Scopula imitaria syriacaria , but we cannot confirm its occurrence in Iran (see Remarks). DNA-barcoding. Nearest species: S . flaccidaria with 5.3 % (see Supplementary Table S1). Remarks. Although Viidalepp (1996) reported this species as an element of the Iranian fauna, we were unable to trace any specimens during our investigation. It is possible that this species does not occur in Iran , and the report may be a confusion with Timandra comae .