Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae) Author Maxwell, Stephen J. 0000-0002-4328-6171 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Stephen. maxwell @ my. jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4328 - 6171 tephen.maxwell@my.jcu.edu.au Author Rymer, Tasmin L. 0000-0002-9963-6345 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Tamsin. rymer @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9963 - 6345 amsin.rymer@jcu.edu.au Author Congdon, Bradley C. 0000-0002-8751-0892 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & brad. congdon @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8751 - 0892 brad.congdon@jcu.edu.au text Zootaxa 2021 2021-06-22 4990 3 401 453 journal article 5563 10.11646/zootaxa.4990.3.1 6a6dd89d-6b74-47ed-ba8e-71b526355b69 1175-5326 5026777 70610FEE-4497-4804-817C-CEC2D66DDBFE Seraphs sopitus ( Brander, 1766 ) Figure 5F 1766 Bulla sopita Brander , p. 19, pl. I, fig. 29a. Montfort 1810 , p. 375 . Sowerby 1821 , p. 155 . Reeve 1842 , p. 268 . Morris 1843 , p. 162 . de Gregorio 1894 , p. 11 . Dainelli 1905 , p. 76 . = Terebellum sopita Brander — Mörch 1852 , p. 64 . = Terebellum sopitum Brander — Fuchs 1870 , p. 13 . Zittel 1885 , p. 259 , fig. 354. Dainelli 1905 , p. 76 . = Terebellum ( Seraphs ) sopitum Solander — Cossmann 1889 , p. 92 . Jung 1974 , p. 16 . = Terebellum ( Seraphs ) sopitum Solander — Dainelli 1905 , p. 76 . Dainelli 1912 , p. 57 , no. 139. Quaggioto & Mellini 2008, p. 48, pl. 1, fig. 19, pl. V, fig. 33. = Bulla sopita Solander — Jung & Abbott 1967 , p. 448 . Jung 1974 , p. 16 . Caze et al. 2010 , p. 428 . = Seraphs ( Seraphs ) sopitus Brander — Jung 1974 , p. 16 , pl. 1, figs. 1–3, 6–11, 14–19, pl. 2, fig. 8, tf. 11. = Seraphs ( Seraphs ) cf. sopitus Solander — Jung 1974 , p. 16 , pl. 5, figs. 3, 4. = Terebellum sopitum Solander — Rusu et al. 2004 , p. 443 . = Bulla sopitus Brander — Pacaud 2008 , p. 722 . = Terebellum ( Seraphs ) sopitus Cossmann — Caze et al. 2010 , p. 428 . = Terebellum ( Seraphs ) sopitum Lamarck — Caze et al. 2010 , p. 426 . = Terebellum sopitum d’Orbigny — Caze et al. 2010 , p. 426 . = Seraphs sopitus Brander — Caze et al. 2010 , pp. 426, 428, figs. 6F–G, 9. 1823 Terebellum obvolutum Brongniart , p. 62, pl. II, figs. 15a, b. Bronn 1824 , p. 50 , pl. 3, no. 4. Jung 1974 , p. 17 . 1850 Terebellum belemnitoideum d’Archiac in de Tchihatcheff , p. 405. Jung 1974 , p. 17 , pl. 3, figs. 6–8. 1880 Terebellum sopitum lanceolatum de Gregorio , p. 23, pl. V, fig. 28. = Terebellum lanceolatum de Gregorio — Jung 1974 , p. 17 . 1880 Terebellum sopitum fusiformopse de Gregorio , p. 22, pl. V, fig. 29. Eames 1952 , p. 74 . = Terebellum fusiformopse de Gregorio — Eames 1952 , p. 74 , pl. 3, figs. 76a, b. Jung 1974 , p. 17 . = Terebellum fusiformopsis de Gregorio — Eames 1952 , p. 74 . 1880 Terebellum sopitum convofusiforme de Gregorio , p. 22, pl. V, fig. 32. = Terebellum convofusiforme Jung — Jung 1974 , p. 45. Pacaud 2008 , p. 727. Quaggioto & Mellini 2008, p. 48, pl. V, fig. 32. 1880 Terebellum fusiformopse pectinatum de Gregorio , p. 22, pl. 1, fig. 17. = Terebellum pectinatus de Gregorio —Quaggioto & Mellini 2008, p. 48, pl. 1, fig. 17. = Terebellum pectinatum de Gregorio — Pacaud 2008 , p. 727. 1880 Terebellum fusiforme postonicum de Gregorio , p. 20, pl. I, fig. 18. 1880 Terebellum sopitum perconvolutum de Gregorio , p. 23. = Terebellum perconvolutum de Gregorio — Jung 1974 , p. 17 . 1880 Terebellum sopitum superbum de Gregorio , p. 23, pl. I, fig. 19. = Terebellum superbum de Gregorio — Jung 1974 , p. 17 . 1880 Terebellum sopitum postturgidum de Gregorio , p. 23, pl. V, fig. 33. = Terebellum postturgidum de Gregorio — Jung 1974 , p. 17 . 1896 Terebellum convolutum roncanum de Gregorio 1896 , p. 35 , pl. 3, fig. 4. 1966 Terebellum ( Seraphs ) korobkowi Bagmanov , p. 181, pl. 85, fig. 1. Jung 1974 , p. 18 . 1966 Terebellum ( Seraphs ) issaevae Bagmanov , p. 181, pl. 83, figs. 2–5. Jung 1974 , p. 18 . 1966 Terebellum ( Terebellum ) paradaschensis Bagmanov , p. 181, pl. 84, figs. 1–4. Jung 1974 , p. 18 . Terebellum obesum Mayer — de Gregorio 1880 , p. 25 . Jung 1974 , p. 18 , pl. 4, figs. 1–4. Terebellum plicatum d’Archiac & Haime — Jung 1974 , p. 17 . Terebellum clava Schafhäutl — Jung 1974 , p. 17 . Terebellum ( Seraphs ) sopitum giganticum Korobkov — Jung 1974 , p. 18 . Terebellum ( Seraphs ) sopitum daralagiosicum Gabrielian — Jung 1974 , p. 18 . Terebellum convolutum Lamarck — Wood 1829 , p. 7 . Terebellum obtusum Sowerby — Jung 1974 , p. 17 , pl. 4, figs. 12, 13. Seraphs spc. 1— Caze et al. 2010 , p. 434 , figs. 11A–C & 12A–C. Terebellum fusiforme Lamarck — Sowerby 1821 , p. 157 . pl. 287, figs. 1 to 4. Brown 1849 , p. 45 , pl. XXX, figs. 26, 27. de Gregorio 1894 , p. 11 , pl. 1, fig. 21. Dainelli 1912 , p. 57 , no. 138. = Terebellum fusiform Lamarck — Abbass 1972 , p. 53 , pl. V, figs. 3, 4. Terebellum obtusum Sowerby —d’Archic & Haime 1853, pl. 32, fig. 20. Jung 1974 , p. 17 . Type material. Lectotype — NHMUK GG21010 ( Jung 1974 ). The type measures 26.4 mm in length ( Jung 1974 ). Type locality. Cliffs near Hordwell Village , Hampshire County , UK [Bartonian] . Diagnosis. The shell is inflated with a teleoconch that is variable in height, which is reflected in the acuteness of the apex that ranges from blunt to moderately acute at maturity. The surface of the shell is smooth with undulating growth lines. The labrum is not thickened and is weakly calloused. The aperture is long and narrow, with a straight columella that becomes basally recurved. Distribution. EOCENE— The United Kingdom Barton ( Morris 1843 ); Cliffs near Hordwell, Hampshire Coun- ty ( Jung 1974 ). Bartonian— The United Kingdom Barton-on-sea, Hampshire ( Morris 1843 ; Jung 1974 ); Hordwell, Hampshire County ( Jung 1974 ); London Clays ( Tennant 1847 ). France Baron, Oise ( Caze et al. 2010 ). Le Limon, Seine-et-Marne ( Caze et al. 2010 ); Le Guépelle, Val d’Oise ( Caze et al. 2010 ); Le Quoniam, Val d’Oise ( Caze et al. 2010 ); Vendrest, Seine-et-Marne ( Caze et al. 2010 ); Saint-Witz, Val d’Oise ( Caze et al. 2010 ). Italy Mont Postale ( de Gregorio 1894 ). Romania ( Rusu et al. 2004 ). Lutetian— Italy San Giovanni Ilarione ( de Gregorio 1880 ). France Villiers-St-Frédéric, Yvelines ( Jung 1974 ). Turkey Zafranboli ( Jung 1974 ). Armenia Djulfa ( Jung 1974 ). Ypresian— Saudi Arabia Ash Sharqiyda ( Abbass 1972 ). Remarks. Seraphs sopitus has been used as a repository for confusing, or poor quality material; Jung (1974) synonymised S. caracasense ( Leymerie, 1846 ) and S. volutatus ( Brander, 1766 ) under S. sopitus , but all are herein accepted as full species as in Caze et al. (2010) . Terebellum brongniartianum d’Orbigny, 1850 is based on material from the Middle Eocene of Roncá, northern Italy ( Jung 1974 ). The type material has not been located, nor the types illustrated ( Jung 1974 ). In the original description, d’Orbigny (1850) aligned the material to Seraphs and offered a comparison to S. sopitus , and it is herein provisionally incorporated within the synonymy of that taxon by other authors ( Jung 1974 ; Pacaud 2008 ).