<document id="35357960C9ED74060A80C83A6B3FFA60" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021526" ID-ZooBank="987FAD00-32A7-4E38-AFAD-6EAC8D808FB2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1730450932891" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yiu, Sam King Fung &amp; Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2024" docId="03BF87BF261F5D5261C4BCF4FD5A420A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5526.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5526 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Echinostrephus molaris" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FF86FFC7260F5D436153BE46FFA14013" masterDocTitle="New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1730451613712" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B46A9ED5E002399B1155234A20D8EF53">New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="717043FF1A44E0C1F840B7363721DC2E">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="21C3AE03F97E1311E8089A9DD0E03AF2">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AD7F85256E4316AE0AA6F3BEF9EAEDF6">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F5BA7801F467EEDD1510B79E41B99A9C">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 &amp; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 &amp; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="5D6ACDF83EF632B7FD2A0F69091F42AE">2024</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0E181C5261F5D5361C4BCF4FD2D42DF" bold="true" box="[151,652,690,717]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A261F5D5361C4BCF4FD2D42DF" ID-CoL="6DX3K" authority="(Blainville 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,652,690,717]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinostrephus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="molaris">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB261F5D5361C4BCF4FE1942DE" bold="true" box="[151,440,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Echinostrephus molaris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58261F5D536099BCF4FD2542DF" author="Blainville, H. M. D." box="[458,644,690,716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="59 - 98" refId="ref37176" refString="Blainville, H. M. D. d. (1825) Oursin, Echinus (Actinozoaires). In: Levrault, F. G. (Ed.), Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. Strasbourg &amp; Paris, pp. 59 - 98." type="book chapter" year="1825">Blainville 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="132D2A2C261F5D5361C4BC91FEB042E2" box="[151,273,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-161@16.[151,1436,777,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Echinostrephus molaris. In situ observation showing this species in a deep rock-face burrow. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021542/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 8</figureCitation>
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FIGURE 8. 
<emphasis id="B962EABB261F5D536049B8A2FDBB46EF" box="[282,538,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A261F5D536049B8A2FDB746EF" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[282,534,1764,1788]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinostrephus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="molaris">Echinostrephus molaris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A261F5D536372B8A3FD7F46EF" authority="observation" authorityName="Observation" box="[545,734,1764,1788]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">In situ observation</taxonomicName>
showing this species in a deep rock-face burrow. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="B962EABB261F5D5361C4B934FEBF479F" bold="true" box="[151,286,1906,1932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA936A9261F5D5261C4B9FCFC6C410E" blockId="16.[151,1436,1978,2041]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
This species is known to bore into the rock face (Clark &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58261F5D536276B9FCFC3947C6" author="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M." box="[805,920,1978,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao 1995</bibRefCitation>
) and can withdraw deeper within the opening when disturbed, as observed in 
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C261F5D5360A0B998FDF347EA" box="[499,594,2014,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-161@16.[151,1436,777,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Echinostrephus molaris. In situ observation showing this species in a deep rock-face burrow. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021542/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 8</figureCitation>
. This species displays the dark or lighter purple spines on the upper side and the white spines on the oral side. 
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<emphasis id="B962EABB261E5D52635CBED1FCBB40A2" box="[527,794,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Echinostrephus molaris</emphasis>
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is rarely observed in 
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, with only one sighting during our survey. This is consistent with statements by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58261E5D526258BEFDFC5340C6" author="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M." box="[779,1010,186,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao &amp; Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
who stated that it was an infrequently encountered species in southern 
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. 
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Only 
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have been reported from 
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, 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58261E5D526434BE99FE94410E" author="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao &amp; Clark 1995</bibRefCitation>
). 
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observation documented here is new for 
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.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB261E5D5261C4BF28FE6B419B" bold="true" box="[151,458,366,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF4261E5D5261C4BFF1FEFA41C2" box="[151,347,439,465]" country="Hong Kong" elevation="7" location="Hong Kong" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="7">
<collectingCountry id="F3017639261E5D5261C4BFF1FEBC41C2" box="[151,285,439,465]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F3017639261E5D526076BF9DFE0A41E6" box="[293,427,475,501]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
<location id="8EC96072261E5D5260E5BF9DFDE141E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF261F5D5261C4BCF4FD5A420A:8EC96072261E5D5260E5BF9DFDE141E6" box="[438,576,475,501]" country="Hong Kong" county="Bonin Islands" municipality="Durban" name="Indo-Pacific" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Indo-Pacific</location>
from the 
<location id="8EC96072261E5D5263FFBF9DFCA941E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF261F5D5261C4BCF4FD5A420A:8EC96072261E5D5263FFBF9DFCA941E6" box="[684,776,475,501]" country="Hong Kong" county="Bonin Islands" municipality="Durban" name="Red Sea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Red Sea</location>
and the east coast of 
<location id="8EC96072261E5D5262A5BF9DFB9F41E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF261F5D5261C4BCF4FD5A420A:8EC96072261E5D5262A5BF9DFB9F41E6" box="[1014,1086,475,501]" country="Hong Kong" county="Bonin Islands" municipality="Durban" name="Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Africa</location>
southward to 
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, from the 
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to 
<collectingCountry id="F3017639261E5D526007BFB9FE1A420A" box="[340,443,511,537]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
and the Fiji Islands. 
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.
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