Revision of the western Nearctic spider genus Cybaeina including the description of Neocybaeina gen. nov. and Rothaeina gen. nov. (Araneae: Cybaeidae: Cybaeinae)
Author
Bennett, Robb
0000-0002-6587-7079
robb. bennett @ shaw. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6587 - 7079
robb.bennett@shaw.ca
Author
Copley, Claudia
0000-0002-8184-5819
ccopley @ royalbcmuseum. bc. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8184 - 5819
ccopley@royalbcmuseum.bc.ca
Author
Copley, Darren
0000-0002-1944-4272
dcopley @ royalbcmuseum. bc. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1944 - 4272
dcopley@royalbcmuseum.bc.ca
text
Zootaxa
2023
2023-07-18
5318
1
97
129
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.1.5
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.5318.1.5
1175-5326
8158357
161E8842-5DB1-40CA-A4B7-2287462D86E1
Rothaeina
Bennett
gen. nov.
Cybaeina
(in part)
Roth 1952: 197
, figs 2, 4–5.
Roth and Brown 1986: 2
.
World Spider Catalog 2023
.
“New genus #1”
Bennett 2005: 88
, figs 22.11, 22.35–22.36, 22.38, 22.40–22.43.
Bennett 2017: 99
, figs 23.11, 23.35–22.36, 23.38, 23.40–22.43.
Type
species.
Cybaeina sequoia
Roth 1952
.
Etymology.
The genus name, feminine in gender, is a contraction of “Vincent Roth’s
Cybaeina
” and, with affection, honours Vince’s lifelong interest in Nearctic Cybaeinae spiders.
Diagnosis.
Females of
Rothaeina
gen. nov.
are readily distinguished from other Cybaeinae with conspicuous paired, elongate, usually overlapping ventral tibia I macrosetae (
Fig. 2
) by their elongate, convoluted spermathecae with heads, stalks, and bases slender and of similar diameter (
Figs 67–69
,
71–74
,
76–79
,
81–83
); the males of
Rothaeina
gen. nov.
, however, are difficult to distinguish from those of
Cybaeina
and
Neocybaeina
gen. nov.
See the discussion presented in the genus diagnoses of
Cybaeina
and
Neocybaeina
gen. nov.
In addition, the small proximal basal projection on the tegular apophysis of the male genital bulb (
Figs 43, 48, 50
) is diagnostic for three of the four species of
Rothaeina
gen. nov.
with known males (tegular basal projection lacking in
R. mackinleyi
spec. nov.
:
Fig. 45
).
FIGURES 36–42.
Neocybaeina
gen. nov.
species, females from Oregon (36–39
N. xantha
comb. nov.
, 36 from Bandon, 37–39 from Roseburg; 40–42
N. burnetti
spec. nov.
, 40–41 from Carpenterville, 42 from Gold Beach), copulatory organ. 36, 40 Epigyne, ventral. 37–39, 41–42 Vulva (37 dorsal; 38 ventral; 39, 41 atrial openings, copulatory ducts, and heads, stalks, and proximal portion of bases of spermathecae, ventral; 42 left half of vulva, dorsal). BG—Bennett’s gland, BS—base of spermatheca, CD—copulatory duct, FD—fertilization duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate atrial openings (36, 38, 40).
FIGURES 43–52.
Rothaeina
gen. nov.
species, males (43–44
R. jamesi
spec. nov.
holotype; 45–47
R. mackinleyi
spec. nov.
from Beaver Sulphur Forest Camp, Oregon; 48–49
R. petersoni
spec. nov.
from near Kyburz, California;
R. sequoia
comb. nov.
50, 52 from Pepperwood, California, 51 from Carlotta, California), left pedipalp. 43, 45, 48, 50 Genital bulb, ventral. 44, 46, 49 Tegular apophysis and embolus, retrolateral. 47 Tegular apophysis and embolus, ventro-retrolateral. 51 Tegular apophysis, retrolateral. 52 Distal half of embolus, ventral. DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, TR—tegular ridge. Unlabelled arrows indicate dorsal keel (45–46 single shafted arrow) and basal projection (43, 48, 50 double shafted arrow) of proximal arm of tegular apophysis and small hooks (52 dashed arrow) on embolus.
Description.
As for
Cybaeus
and in diagnoses in this paper of this genus,
Cybaeina
, and
Neocybaeina
gen. nov.
Additional descriptive characters presented here. Small- to medium-sized spiders, carapace lengths averaging
1.96–2.33 mm
(males) and
1.93–2.26 mm
(females); females usually slightly smaller than males. Legs pale yellow to light reddish brown, unmarked. Usually five complete pairs of conspicuous elongate ventral tibia I macrosetae: pattern usually 2(+1p)-2-1p-2-2-2-0 (
Fig. 2
).Abdomen pale to gray with or without markings. Colulus a low swelling marked by two clumps of very few setae.
Male
: Patellar apophysis (
Figs 53–59
,
62, 64–65
) variable, species diagnostic, with usually four or fewer peg setae. Retrolateral tibial apophysis (
Figs 53–54, 56–59
,
61
) bipartite with variable distal and medial components, either may be species diagnostic depending on species; distal component nearly as long as tibia. Genital bulb (
Figs 43–51
) with simple elongate, thin embolus; tegular apophysis well developed with distal arm large, somewhat species diagnostic and proximal arm variable, often species diagnostic.
Female
: Epigyne (
Figs 66
,
70
,
75
,
80
) with single medial or anteromedial, transverse, usually inconspicuous atrium (except usually prominent in
R. beaudini
spec. nov.
:
Fig. 66
). Vulva (
Figs 67–69
,
71–74
,
76–79
,
81–83
) with copulatory ducts very short, heavily sclerotized, proceeding anteriorly from atrium, separate or contiguous at atrium, readily visible ventrally through integument of uncleared epigynes as two darkened areas at lateral edges of atrium; spermathecal heads close to anterior margin of atrium; Bennett’s glands usually inconspicuous, obscured by loops of spermathecal ducts; fertilization ducts attached posteriorly to spermathecal bases.
Composition and distribution
. (
Figs 85–86
). The species of
Rothaeina
gen. nov.
have restricted ranges within an area encompassing southwestern
Oregon
south to San Mateo County and Yosemite National Park in, respectively, central western and eastern
California
. We recognize five species:
R. beaudini
spec. nov.
(females only),
R. jamesi
spec. nov.
,
R. mackinleyi
spec. nov.
,
R. petersoni
spec. nov.
, and
R. sequoia
comb. nov.
The latter two species are relatively common within their distributions; the other three species are rarely recorded.
Key to the species of
Rothaeina
gen. nov.
(male of
R. beaudini
spec. nov.
unknown)
1. Males.............................................................................................. 2
- Females. (Intraspecific variability and interspecific similarity of female
Rothaeina
gen. nov.
renders specimens often difficult to identify with confidence; use the female key couplets with caution.)........................................... 5
2(1). Proximal arm of tegular apophysis with dorsal keel, usually acuminate in ventral view (
Fig. 45
), acuminate or somewhat blunt in retrolateral view (
Figs 46
,
63
), obscured in ventro-retrolateral view (
Fig. 47
); distal component of retrolateral tibial apophysis extended distally over base of cymbium (
Fig. 54
).....................................
mackinleyi
Bennett
spec. nov.
- Tegular apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis otherwise................................................... 3
3(2). Patellar apophysis (
Fig. 59
) distad with prominent basal “shoulder”........................
sequoia
(Roth)
comb. nov.
- Patellar apophysis (
Figs 53, 56–57
,
62, 64–65
) dorsad with “shoulder” absent or not prominent....................... 4
4(3). Proximal arm of tegular apophysis (
Figs 48–49
) slender, smoothly curved, with tip acuminate in ventral view..........................................................................................
petersoni
Bennett
spec. nov.
- Proximal arm of tegular apophysis (
Figs 43–44
,
60
) bulky, angular, slightly twisted, with tip blunt in ventral view........................................................................................
jamesi
Bennett
spec. nov.
5(1). Posterior ducts of spermathecae visible ventrally through uncleared epigyne as pair of distinct ring-like structures (
Figs 75
,
80
); vulva broad, width usually 4–5 times atrial height (measured from epigastric groove to middle of atrium) (
Figs 76–79
,
81–83
) ................................................................................................... 6
- Posterior ducts of spermathecae usually not visible through uncleared epigyne as pair of rings (
Figs 66
,
70
); vulva less broad, width usually less than 3.5 times atrial height (
Figs 67–69
,
71–74
).............................................. 7
6(5). Posterior spermathecal duct rings relatively large and open (
Fig. 80
); copulatory ducts usually contiguous at atrium (
Figs 81–83
).........................................................................
sequoia
(Roth)
comb. nov.
- Posterior spermathecal duct rings relatively small and tight (
Fig. 75
); copulatory ducts usually separated at atrium (
Figs 76– 79
)...........................................................................
petersoni
Bennett
spec. nov.
7(5). Atrium (
Fig. 66
) usually prominent, U-shaped; vulva (
Figs 67–68
) with medial transverse section of spermathecal ducts a minor inconspicuous feature in dorsal view............................................
beaudini
Bennett
spec. nov.
- Atrium (
Fig. 70
) usually indistinct, linear; vulva (
Figs 72, 74
) with medial transverse section of spermathecal ducts a prominent conspicuous feature in dorsal view........................................................................ 8
8(7). Spermathecal ducts with an additional loop posteriorly near fertilization duct (
Fig. 72
)..........
jamesi
Bennett
spec. nov.
- Spermathecal ducts lacking additional loop posteriorly (
Fig. 74
).........................
mackinleyi
Bennett
spec. nov.