Aphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae) species living on Baccharis (Asteraceae) in southern South America, with description of three new species Author Nafría, Juan Manuel Nieto Author Ortego, Jaime Author Brown, Paul A. Author López Ciruelos, Sara I. Author Durante, M. Pilar Mier text Zootaxa 2019 2019-08-13 4656 1 153 167 journal article 26029 10.11646/zootaxa.4656.1.8 992e5970-537b-440f-b570-873a2169a74a 1175-5326 3366811 FE10C73D-CF1F-4259-B5A8-1D3E6041BCF0 Aphis ( Aphis ) ingeborgae Nieto Nafría & Brown , sp. n. ( Fig. 1 ; Table 1 ) Types. Holotype : apterous viviparous female ( specimen number 7 of Hille Ris Lambers’s sample 930, mounted with three paratypes ) : CHILE , Araucanía , Malleco prov., Angol (approx. 37º 46’ S , 72º 41’ W , 70 m ), 26-November-1974 , on Baccharis linearis ( Hille Ris Lambers leg. ), Natural History Museum , London collection . Paratypes : 853 apterous viviparous females [apt] and 81 alate viviparous females [al], Natural History Museum , London and Universidad de León collections. CHILE , Araucanía , same data as the holotype (12 apt, 18 al) ; Cautín prov., Molco ( 39º 19’ S , 72º 06’ W , 320 m ), on Baccharis linearis , 7-March-2004 , Ortego leg. (39 apt, 2 al) ; Cautín prov., Pucón ( 39º 17’ S , 71º 57’ W , 250 m ), 7-March-2004 , on Baccharis linearis , Ortego leg. (66 apt) ; Malleco prov., 10 km W . of Angol , 450 m on the label (perhaps 37º 49’ S , 72º 46’ W ), 26-November-1974 , on Baccharis sp. , Hille Ris Lambers leg. (23 apt, 11 al) ; same locality, and date, on Baccharis sp. , Hille Ris Lambers leg . (1 al). CHILE , Biobío : Biobío prov. , Antuco ( 37º 19’ S , 71º 39’ W , 570 m ), 16-February-2016 , on Baccharis linearis (185 apt) ; Biobío prov, Antuco to Laguna La Laja road ( 37º 22’ S , 71º 29’ W , 940 m ), 16-February-2016 , on Baccharis linearis (165 apt) ; Biobío prov, 65 km S of Chillán on the label (perhaps Cabrero , 37º 07’ S , 72º 22’ W , 140 m ), 25-November-1974 , on Baccharis sp. , Hille Ris Lambers leg . (3 apt, 1 al) . CHILE , Los Lagos , Chiloé prov., Chonchi at Lago Huillinco ( 42º40’ S , 73º 53’ W , 10 m ), 24-November-1974 on Baccharis sp. , Hille Ris Lambers leg . (14 apt, 2 al) . CHILE , Maule : Talca prov. La Mina ( 35º 48’ S , 70º 51’ W , 840 m ), 30-January-2016 , on Baccharis linearis (128 apt, 4 al) ; Talca prov., road to Paso Pehuenche bridge “ Maule n.º 2” ( 35º 42’ S , 71º 04’ W , 550 m ), 30-January-2016 , on Baccharis sp. (3 apt) ; Talca prov., road to Paso Pehuenche at 1210 m ( 35º 51’ S , 70º 41’ W ), 30-January-2016 , on Baccharis linearis , (4 apt) ; Talca prov., San Clemente ( 35º 32’ S , 71º 28’ W , 215m ), 2-February-2000 on Baccharis sp. (117 apt, 6 al) ; Talca prov., San Javier ( 35º 34’ S , 71º 42’ W , 110m ), 1-February-2000 , on Baccharis sp. (92 apt, 32 al) . CHILE , Santiago Metropolitana, Chacabuco prov., Colina ( 33º 11’ S , 70º 37’ W , 780 m ), 12-March-2004 , on Baccharis sp. , Ortego leg . (2 apt, 4 al) . Etymology . The specific epithet ingeborgae is the name suggested by D. Hille Ris Lambers to dedicate the species to Ingeborg Rosenbaum Kurth ( 1943-2013 ), who was one of the young scientists that accompanied him in his field work in 1974, collaborating in the control of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani, 1852) on Chilean winter cereal crops. Dr. Rosenbaum worked in the Chilean Agricultural Service ( Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero ) and took part in the board of governors of the Chilean Council of Agricultural Engineers, both for many years. We agree to use the name in memory and tribute to Dr. Ingeborg Rosenbaum. Descriptions. Apterous viviparous females ( Figs. 1 A–1G). From 854 specimens . When alive shiny black, sometimes with a thin layer of whitish powder. 1.090 –1.870 mm long. Metric and meristic features in Table 1 . Head, including clypeus and mandibular and maxillar lames and rostrum brown. Frons gently wavy. Antennae five- or sixsegmented. Antennal segments I and II as pigmented as head dorsum and darker than antennal segments V and VI , which are pigmented, other antennal segments yellowish, sometimes with apex of IV or III + IV segment brownish. Antennal segments I, II and dorsal face of III smooth, ventral face of III , and segment IV with transversal striae and V and VI imbricated. Rostrum reaches nearly to the hind leg coxae. Ultimate rostral segment brown, as dark as proximal ones and carrying 2 accessory setae. Coxae, trochanters, most of femora, distal portion of tibiae and tarsi more or less as pigmented as head dorsum, other part of femora and tibiae brownish yellow. Tarsal chaetotaxy formula 3.3.2. In most sclerotized and pigmented specimens, both prothorax and mesothorax have broad and complete or near complete transversal bands, metathorax has large spinopleural and marginal sclerotized areas, abdominal segments 1 to 6 have a spinopleural patch with irregular lateral edges and marginal sclerites, all being well pigmented, and reticulated; segments 7 and 8 have complete and wide transverse bands with striae or spinuled lines. In less sclerotized specimens thoracic transversal bands are fragmented, the spinopleural abdominal patch beginning on segment 2 and can be segmentally fragmented, marginal sclerites are or maybe absent and bands on 7 and 8 are narrow and sometime shortened to small setiferous sclerites. In unsclerotized specimens, marginal sclerites are only present on pro- and mesothorax and on metathorax to abdominal segment 8 and are very small, sparse and scattered. Intersegmental and spiracular sclerites on thorax and abdomen darker than segmental sclerites. Marginal tubercles on prothorax and abdominal segments 1 and 7 are irregularly-shaped, with wrinkles or with warts, not inflated dome-shaped as is habitual in the species of Aphis . In several specimens marginal tubercles may be present on some of abdominal segments 2 to 4, but smaller and more slender than those on segments 1 and 7, and with a relatively wide base. Siphunculi cylindrical, with small flange, homogeneously as dark as or darker than abdominal dorsum and imbricated. Genital and anal plates dark-brown. Cauda long with very slight proximal constriction and edges straight and almost parallel over most of its length. Setae in general long, slender and pointed. Alate viviparous females ( Figs. 1 H- 1I ). From 81 specimens . Approximately 1.30–1.95 mm long. Very similar to apterous viviparous females, with the following differences in addition to different thoracic configuration: (1) antennae homogeneously dark; (2) segment III rugose and with 3 to 7 secondary sensoria, aligned over the entire length; (3) legs more pigmented; (4) spinopleural sclerotisation absent from abdominal segments 1 to 5 and sometimes to 6. Metric and meristic features in Table 1 . Bionomics . Aphis ingeborgae lives on several species of Baccharis (Asteraceae) , mainly on B. linearis (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. , on stems and proximal part of leaves, usually in dense groups. The alate viviparous females appear to be infrequent. Oviparous females and males are not known, but they must exist, especially at high altitude. Distribution . The species is currently known in Chile in localities between the Santiago and Los Lagos regions; the distance in a straight line between the two most distant locations is approximately 1100 km . It has not been found so far in Argentina , although Baccharis linearis is widely distributed in the country, from San Juan to the north to Chubut to the south, in areas that the authors have sampled. Taxonomic discussion . Several species of Aphidina recorded from South America are easily distinguishable from any others of the subtribe by one conspicuous character, i.e. the presence of stridulatory apparatus in species of the subgenus Toxoptera Koch, 1856 ; the absence of marginal tubercles on abdominal segments 1 and / or 7 as in Andinaphis paradoxa (Mier Durante, Ortego & Nieto Nafría, 1997) , Aphis matilei Nieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante, 2000 , Aphis maulensis Mier Durante & García-Tejero, 2016 and Aphis vurilocensis Nieto Nafría, Brown & López Ciruelos, 2016 ; the presence of an enormous clypeus as in Brachyunguis blanchardi Remaudière & Bahamondes, 1987 , or the absence of posterior setae on the genital plate as in Aphis paravanoi Nieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante, 1999 . In the same way, a single character allows us to distinguish Aphis ingeborgae sp. n. from all other South American species by the irregular shape of the marginal tubercles with wrinkles or warts on prothorax and abdominal segments 1 and 7, being unlike other Aphis species where they are dome-shaped, swollen and without wrinkles or warts. Differences between Aphis ingeborgae sp. n. and the other species that live on Baccharis species are shown in the identification key for apterous viviparous females included in the taxonomic discussion section of Aphis fuentesi sp. n.