Sponge biodiversity of South Georgia island with descriptions of fifteen new species
Author
Goodwin, Claire
National Museums Northern Ireland, 153 Bangor Road, Cultra, Holywood, County Down, BT 18 0 EU & Shallow Marine Surveys Group, PO Box 598, Stanley, FIQQ 1 ZZ, Falkland Islands
Author
Brickle, Paul
Shallow Marine Surveys Group, PO Box 598, Stanley, FIQQ 1 ZZ, Falkland Islands & South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, PO Box 609, Stanley, FIQQ 122, Falkland Islands
text
Zootaxa
2012
2012-11-07
3542
1
48
journal article
1175-5326
8D917062-2FC8-4EE9-83A0-FDDCB6A08F45
Tedania (Tedaniopsis) aurantiaca
sp. nov.
(
Figure 15
)
Type material:
Holotype
:
BELUM
Mc
7661.
Husvik
,
South Georgia
(
54°10.285’S
,
36° 40.412’W
); depth
18m
; collected by
C. Goodwin
, D. Poncet and
P. Brewin
,
26
th
November 2010
.
Paratypes
:
Samples
in 95% ethanol, tissue section and spicule preparation on slides
.
BELUM
Mc
7583.
Prion Island
Site 1,
South Georgia
(
54°001.590’S
,
37°15.178’W
); depth
17.6m
; collected by
C. Goodwin
,
D. Poncet
, and
P. Brewin
,
19
th
November 2010
.
BELUM
Mc
7624.
Right Whale Bay
,
South Georgia
(
54°00.173’S
,
37° 40.856’W
); depth
18m
; collected by
C. Goodwin
,
J. Brown
and
S. Brown
,
21
st
November 2010
.
BELUM
Mc
7652.
Jagged Point
,
Possession Bay
,
South Georgia
(
54°04.514’S
,
37° 07.188’W
); depth
10.4m
; collected by
C. Goodwin
,
D.Poncet
and
P. Brewin
,
23
rd
November 2010
.
BELUM
Mc
7659.
Husvik
,
South Georgia
(
54°10.285’S
,
36° 40.412’W
); depth
18m
; collected by
C. Goodwin
,
D. Poncet
and
P. Brewin
,
26
th
November 2010
.
BELUM
Mc
7670.
Husvik
,
South Georgia
(
54°10.150’S
,
36° 39.322’W
); depth
18m
; collected by
D. Poncet
,
P. Brewin
,
C. Goodwin
26
th
November 2010
.
Comparative material examined:
MNHN
DT1667
Tedania (Tedaniopsis) charcoti
Topsent, 1908
Holotype
.
Ile Booth-Wandel
‘
Le Francais’
.
Microscope
preparations.
ZMB
S2315
Tedania vanhöffeni
var.
gracilis
Hentschel, 1914
(
Holotype
T. gracilis
(Hetschel, 1914))
, specimen and spicule preparation and tissue section prepared from specimen.
BMNH 79.12.27.12
Tedania tenuicapitata
Ridley, 1881
,
Holotype
. Tissue section and spicule preparation slides.
Etymology:
From the Latin
aurantiacus
, meaning orange-coloured.
External morphology:
In situ appearance
: Mustard
yellow to cadmium orange lobed crust with large oscules. In thicker, larger, specimens the oscules may be raised on mammiform processes (
Fig. 15a
).
Preserved appearance
: Cream sponge composed of rounded lobes, firm, not compressible. Ectosome very smooth.
Skeleton:
The choanosomal skeleton is a loose reticulation of bundles of 2–3 styles. The ectosomal skeleton consists of bundles of tornotes, which fan out to form a tangential surface layer. Onychaetes are scattered abundantly throughout the choanosome and ectosome (
Fig. 15b
).
Spicules:
Measurements from Mc7661.
FIGURE 15.
Tedania (Tedaniopsis) aurantiaca
sp. nov.
a)
In situ
appearance
specimen Mc7661, scale bar 10cm; b) Skeleton Mc7661, ectosome to top, scale bar 500µm; Spicules Mc7661 c) style, scale bar 100µm, d) ectosomal tornote, scale bar 100µm, e) large onychaete, scale bar 100µm, f) large onychaete ends, scale bar 10µm, g) small onychaete, scale bar 10µm.
Styles:
356(407)447 by 17(21)25µm. Often slightly curved, parallel sided then tapering at the end to a sharp point (
Fig. 15c
).
Ectosomal tornotes:
335(359)403 by 10(13)16µm. Fusiform anisotornotes (
Fig. 15d
).
Onychaetes:
two categories 74(90)125 and 235(261)283 by 1.7(2.1)2.8µm a few intermediates (172,206µm). The largest are pointed at both ends, the smaller with one pointed and one rounded end (
Figs 15 e, f, g
).
Remarks:
Desqueyroux-Faúndez and van Soest (1996) reassessed the genera
Tedania
and
Trachytedania
, and reclassified the species present into three sub-genera:
Tedania (Tedaniopsis)
with long styles 300–700 µm,
Tedania (Tedania)
with short styles 150–300 µm and mucronate tornotes, and
Tedania (Trachytedania)
with smooth or spined short styles 150–300 µm and oxeote or mucronate tornotes (see also
van Soest 2002b
). The redescription of
Tedania (Trachytedania)
was based on the fact that no basal acanthostyles, the characterizing feature of the genus, could be found in the
type
species.
Trachytedania
has since been re-established as a valid genus by
Cristobo and Urgorri (2001)
who re-examined the
type
and located basal acanthostyles. This species confirms to the current definition of
Tedania (Tedaniopsis)
as it possesses styles longer than 350µm (Desqueyroux-Faúndez and van Soest 1996).
There are many Southern Ocean species within this subgenus but the majority have spicules that are much larger (
Table 8
). Three species have spicules of a similar range:
T. gracilis
(
Hentschel, 1914
)
is the most similar in spicule size but has larger styles and shorter tornotes (
Table 8
). Comparison with the specimen designated as the
holotype
showed this has much thinner, longer styles (552(591)653 by 12(15)16µm) and thinner ectosomal spicules (397(437)490 by 6(9)13µm), however, this specimen may not be the one described in type description as it appears to differ in spiculation and is a thinly encrusting species on a bryozoan rather a sea urchin.
T. charcoti
Topsent, 1908
has much thinner styles (420–450 by 13µm in description, 401(434)466 by 9(13)16 µm from our measurements of type) and smaller tornotes (305–340 by10µm from description, 280–350 by 8(10)14µm from our measurements).
Tedania tenuicapitata
Ridley, 1881
has much smaller styles (296–387µm), tornotes (185–270µm), and onychaetes (132–327, 52–75µm) (
Table 8
).