Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) Author Knudsen, Steen Wilhelm Author Clements, Kendall D. text Zootaxa 2013 2013-12-24 3751 1 1 101 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3751.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3751.1.1 1175-5326 5272139 E4430FF9-BC7E-49E2-AF07-63C71B0A02B8 Key to the species of Kyphosidae : 1 . Fewer than IX dorsal fin spines (VI–VIII); more than 19 soft dorsal-fin rays (20–23); more than 22 soft anal-fin rays (23–26), anterior part of soft dorsal- and soft anal fin distinctly elongate ( South Africa , southern Mozambique ).......................................................................................... Neoscorpis lithophilus Stone bream – More than IX dorsal fin spines (X–XI); fewer than 17 soft dorsal-fin rays (10–16); fewer than 16 soft anal-fin rays (10–15), anterior part of soft dorsal- and soft anal fin not distinctly elongate.............................................. 2 2 . Scales absent on interorbital region; fewer than 9 postorbital scales (5–8); 25 vertebrae in total........................ 3 – Scales present on interorbital region; more than 9 postorbital scales (10–21); 26 vertebrae in total...................... 4 3 . Caudal fin with white edges; 14–16 soft dorsal fin rays; more than 12 soft anal fin rays (13–15); no distinct vertical bands across body ( Western Australia )............................................... Kyphosus cornelii Buffalo bream – Caudal fin without white edges; 10–11 soft dorsal fin rays; less than 11 soft anal fin rays (10); 5–6 vertical dark green bands across body (southern California to Baja).......................................... Kyphosus azureus Zebraperch 4 . More than 21 (occasionally 19) total gill rakers (19–32); more than 56 total scale rows along the lateral line (usually more than 65) (56–85); often more than 70 scale rows along longitudinal row (50–77); unpaired fins not dusky.................... 5 – Fewer than 21 (occasionally with up to 22) total gill rakers (15–22); fewer than 76 total scale rows along lateral line (usually less than 66) (52–76); fewer than 68 scale rows along longitudinal row (48–67); unpaired fins dusky.................. 10 5 . No more than 12 soft dorsal fin rays (occasionally 13) (11–13); 10–13 soft anal-fin rays (usually 11) (10–13); never more than 33 pterygiophores in total (32–33); not more than 70 scale rows along longitudinal row (50–69); soft rayed part of dorsal and anal fins often highly elevated in individuals with 13 dorsal fin rays.............................................. 6 – Thirteen or more soft dorsal fin rays (13–15); 12–14 soft anal fin rays; 34 or more pterygiophores in total (34–39); often more than 70 scale rows along longitudinal row (52–77); soft rayed part of dorsal and anal fin not elevated................... 8 6 . Soft-rayed part of dorsal and anal fins extended; fourth dorsal fin ray long (8.7–19.1 %SL); second anal fin ray long (10.4–22.3 %SL); 25 or more total gill rakers (25–30) (Atlantic Ocean, Indo-Pacific Ocean)...... Kyphosus cinerascens Highfin chub – Soft-rayed part of dorsal- and anal-fin not extended; fourth dorsal fin ray short (4.8–12.0 %SL); second anal fin ray short (8.5– 16.1 %SL); 25 or fewer total gill rakers (19–25)............................................................. 7 7. More than 21 total gill rakers (22–25); pelvic fin short (11.8–19.0 %SL); second anal fin ray short (8.5–15.2 %SL) (Atlantic Ocean, Indo-Pacific Ocean)................................................... Kyphosus sectatrix Beaked chub – Usually fewer than 23 (never more than 22) total gill rakers (19–22); pelvic fin long (19.3–20.8 %SL); second anal fin ray long (13.5–16.1 %SL) (Hawaiian Islands)....................................... Kyphosus hawaiiensis Hawaiian chub 8 . Soft part of dorsal fin with 13 rays; anal fin with 12 soft rays; interorbital width 11.0–13.8 %SL; 21–22 dorsal pterygiophores; no more than 13 anal pterygiophores; 52–57 pored scales in lateral line; not more than 69 total scales along lateral line (61– 69); relative low number scale rows in the longitudinal row (52–62); body colour uniform grey or bronzed brown or mottled with white spots; no conspicuous golden horizontal scale rows along body (east Pacific).... Kyphosus elegans Cortez chub – Soft part of dorsal fin with 13 or more rays (13–15); anal fin with 12–15 soft rays; interorbital width 9.6–14.2 %SL; more than 22 dorsal pterygiophores (22–24); 13 or more anal pterygiophores (13–15); 52–64 pored scales in lateral line; regularly with 70 or more scales in total along lateral line (63–85); relative high number scale rows in the longitudinal row (56–77); body with either clear golden horizontal scale rows or with large distinct yellow and blue wavy stripe horizontally along body.... 9 9 . Soft part of dorsal fin with 13–14 rays; soft part of anal fin with 11–14 rays; 22–24 dorsal pterygiophores; not more than 14 anal pterygiophores (13–14); golden yellow horizontal scale rows along body from operculum to caudal fin; caudal fin not deep emarginated (Atlantic Ocean, Indo-Pacific Ocean)............................ Kyphosus vaigiensis Lowfin chub – Soft part of dorsal fin with 15 rays or more (15–16); soft part of anal fin with 14 rays or more (14–15); 24 dorsal pterygiophores; 15 anal pterygiophores; a blue and yellow wavy stripe horizontally across body from operculum to caudal fin; blue streak behind eye; caudal fin deeply emarginated (Pacific Ocean)..................... Kyphosus ocyurus Rainbow chub 10 . Pored scales in lateral line 51–61; scales in longitudinal row 54–67; total gill rakers 18–22; anal fin base long (18.1–24.8 %SL); line along ventral edge of anal fin extended backwards through caudal peduncle follows dorsal edge of caudal fin (Atlantic Ocean, Indo-Pacific Ocean)........................................... Kyphosus bigibbus Darkfin chub – Pored scales in lateral line 42–56; scales in longitudinal row 48–57; total gill rakers 15–20; anal fin base short (14.0–22.4 %SL); line along ventral edge of anal fin extended backwards through caudal peduncle cuts above dorsal edge of caudal fin....... 11 11 . Vertebrae 10 precaudal +16 caudal; caudal peduncle not deep (9.9–11.8 %SL); sixth dorsal-fin ray length short (8.7–11.8 %SL); pelvic fin short (13.4–16.2 %SL); green vertical bar on operculum; line along ventral edge of anal fin runs parallel to the dorsal edge of the caudal fin (west Australia )............................... Kyphosus gladius Gladius drummer – Vertebrae 11 precaudal +15 caudal; caudal peduncle deep (12.1–14.5 %SL); sixth dorsal-fin ray length long (11.4–16.1 %SL); pelvic fin long (14.7–22.5 %SL); no green bar on operculum; line along ventral edge of anal fin does not run parallel to the dorsal edge of the caudal fin (southern Australia , northern New Zealand ).......... Kyphosus sydneyanus Silver drummer