Reappraisal of Rhamdia branneri Haseman, 1911 and R. voulezi Haseman, 1911 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the rio Iguaçu with notes on their morphometry and karyotype
Author
Garavello, Julio Cesar
Author
Shibatta, Oscar Akio
text
Neotropical Ichthyology
2016
2016-04-07
14
1
e 140111
1
12
journal article
10.1590/1982-0224-20140111
9bde0cf2-6fea-4674-ba84-aa18c5ed7601
1982-0224
4773891
Rhamdia branneri
Haseman, 1911
(
Figs. 2-4
)
Rhamdia branneri
Haseman, 1911: 377
pl. LXXV; Creek of rio Iguassú (current Iguaçu), near Serrinha,
Paraná State
,
Brazil
; -
Gosline, 1945: 36
(literature compilation); -
Fowler, 1954: 558
(literature compilation); -Ibarra & Stewart, 1987: 74 (literature compilation); -Severi & Cordeiro, 1994: 67 fig. (literature compilation); -
Garavello
et al
., 1997: 76
(citation); -Abucarma & Martins-Santos, 2001: 300 (cytogenetic description); -
Baumgartner
et al.,
2012:134
(citation).
Rhamdia sebae
(
non
Cuvier, 1829): Severi & Cordeiro, 1994: 69 (literature compilation).
Fig. 2.
Lateral view of
Rhamdia branneri
, LISDEBE
5534, 228.5 mm SL, Brazil, Paraná, rio Timbó, Colônia São Pedro.
Fig. 3.
Lateral view of paratype of
Rhamdia branneri
, FMNH
54237, 100.0 mm SL, Brazil, Paraná, Serrinha, rio Iguaçu.
Fig. 4.
Lateral view of holotype of
Rhamdia branneri
, FMNH
54235, 100.3 mm SL, Brazil, Paraná, Serrinha, rio Iguaçu.
Diagnosis.
Rhamdia branneri
differs from the remaining
Rhamdia
species
, with exception of
R. voulezi
, and
Rhamdia
cf.
quelen
from rio Tibagi by having both sides anterior and posterior of the pectoral-fin spine serrate in large dents (
vs
. slightly serrate in fine dents in
Rhamdia
cf.
quelen
).
Rhamdia branneri
is also distinct by its dorsal-fin length not reaching the origin of the adipose fin when adpressed (
vs
. adpressed dorsal fin reaching adipose-fin origin in
R. voulezi
and
R
. cf.
quelen
); maxillary barbel short not reaching the origin of adipose fin (
vs
. maxillary barbel long, surpassing adipose fin origin in
R. voulezi
and longer than the SL in
R.
cf.
quelen
);
R. branneri
dorsal profile straight between the snout and supraoccipital process and convex from this point to the dorsal fin insertion (
vs
. dorsal profile almost straight from tip of snout to dorsal-fin insertion in
R. voulezi
and
R
. cf.
quelen
). Ground color of preserved
R. branneri
specimens dark or light gray with few large spots and without small black dots over trunk (
vs.
ground color grayish on dorsum to light orange on abdomen in
R. voulezi
and dark brown spotted in
R
. cf.
quelen
); dorsal-fin without a hyaline horizontal stripe immediately dorsal to base (
vs
. a hyaline horizontal stripe higher to base of dorsal fin in
R. voulezi
and
R
. cf.
quelen
). Differs in corporal proportions from
R. voulezi
in the higher distance between dorsal and adipose fins; higher distance between adipose ending and caudal fin base; higher distance between orbit and opercular bone and larger scapular bridge width;
R. branneri
also differs in chromosome number and morphology: 2n=58-62 chromosomes, plus one submetacentric B chromosome and multiple NOR system (
vs
. 2n=58-60 plus one metacentric B chromosome and a simple nucleolus organizer region (NOR) in
R. voulezi
).
Rhamdia branneri
differs from
R. voulezi
,
R. foina
(Müller & Troschel, 1849)
and
R. itacaiunas
Silfvergrip, 1996
by having 9-14 gill rakers (mode 10) on the first gill arch (
vs.
9-14, 12 in mode in
R. voulezi
;
15-20 in
R. foina
and
5-7 in
R. itacaiunas
); differs from
R. laukidi
Bleeker, 1858
by having absence of a diagonal light bar from superior corner of operculum to base of pelvic fin;
R. branneri
also differs from
R. xetequepeque
,
R. jequitinhonha
Silfvergrip, 1996
,
R. muelleri
(Günther, 1864)
and
R. poeyi
Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888
by having shorter orbital diameter: 12.9-17.6% of HL (
vs
. 12.1- 20.2% in
R. voulezi
, 30.5-36.9% in
R. xetequepeque
, 20.4% in
R. jequitinhonha
, 12.1-27.2% in
R. muelleri
and 20.1-26.2% in
R. poeyi
).
Rhamdia branneri
is further distinguished from
R. jequitinhonha
by their longer caudal peduncle (18.4-21.8% SL
vs
. 16.3%) and longer interorbital distance:
R. branneri
30.1-41.8% HL (
vs.
29.8-39.9% in
R. voulezi
, 24.2% in
R. muelleri
) and by its shorter maxillary barbel length: 129.9- 213% in
R. branneri
(
vs.
178.5-374.2% in
R. voulezi
, and 73.9- 129.0% in
R. muelleri
). It differs from
R. poeyi
by strong and well developed serrae on both sides of pectoral spine (
vs.
serrae just on posterior margin of pectoral spine);
R. branneri
also differs by a rounded margin of lower lobe (
vs.
longer and pointed lower caudal fin lobe in
R. poeyi
).
Description.
Morphometric characters of
R. branneri
are summarized in
Table 1
and the meristic characters in
Table 2
. Dorsal profile almost straight from tip of snout to supraoccipital and slight convex from this point to dorsal-fin insertion; body depth at anterior vertical through adipose fin and between pelvic and anal fin shorter than the distance between the ending of dorsal fin insertion and pelvic fin. Distance from dorsal to adipose fin generally shorter than the length of dorsal-fin base. Caudal peduncle depth small nearly7.8-12.0, mean 10.7% SL. Head almost conic in dorsal view, covered by thick skin, except for eyes with free margin, occipital process covered by thick skin (not visible). Orbit relatively large nearly 12.9-17.6, mean 15.3% SL in head length. Upper maxillae elongate longer than dentary; premaxillary dental plate distally semicircular; dental plate of dentary narrowing posteriorly with a gap over the mandibulary symphysis; small teeth nearly of same size in premaxillary and dentary. Maxillary barbel short and depressed reaching dorsal-fin insertion, but not reaching adipose-fin insertion; mental external barbel reaching origin of pectoral-fin base; internal mental barbel not surpassing the gill opening. Posterior cleithral process short. Dorsal-fin spine smooth on both anterior and posterior faces. Pectoralfin elongate, both sides anterior and posterior of the serrate pectoral-fin spine; posterior border of pectoral fin reaching vertical through the first branched dorsal-fin ray; pelvic-fin insertion generally beginning at vertical through the last dorsal-fin ray; pelvic-fin rounded; caudal fin furcated; distal lobes rounded, ventral lobe larger than dorsal.
Color pattern of preserved specimens.
Ground color of trunk and abdomen dark gray or light gray with few and sparse large brown spots and without small black dots over trunk and abdomen; ground color light gray. Dorsally light brown; interradial membranes hyaline; dorsal fin without a hyaline horizontal stripe immediately dorsal to base. Remaining fins with nearly the same ground color of body.
Table 1.
Body proportions of
Rhamdia branneri
and
Rhamdia voulezi
from the rio Iguaçu. SD = Standard deviation.
|
Rhamdia branneri
(n=16)
|
Rhamdia voulezi
(n=30)
|
| Min.-max. |
Mean±SD |
Min.-max. |
Mean±SD |
| Standard length (mm) |
150.4-327.8 |
216.9±50.98 |
101.7-350.2 |
207.6±61.14 |
| Percents of standard length |
| Head length |
20.5-28.1 |
25.6±1.60 |
24.8-29.0 |
26.2±0.93 |
| Predorsal distance |
33.8-39.9 |
36.5±1.44 |
34.1-39.5 |
35.9±1.42 |
| Dorsal-fin base length |
13.5-18.9 |
15.7±1.38 |
14.3-19.0 |
16.6±1.28 |
| Dorsal fin to adipose fin distance |
7.1-14.5 |
10.2±2.45 |
3.1-8.4 |
5.9±1.34 |
| Adipose-fin base length |
23.8-34.9 |
30.1±2.94 |
18.7-38.8 |
34.5±3.53 |
| Adipose fin to caudal fin distance |
9.5-13.0 |
11.2±0.93 |
8.3-12.0 |
10.3±1.01 |
| Pre-pelvic distance |
47.9-54.8 |
51.3±2.09 |
38.9-82.1 |
51.2±6.40 |
| Pelvic fin to anal fin distance |
18.0-22.3 |
20.0±1.20 |
17.9-22.9 |
20.5±1.09 |
| Anal-fin base length |
10.8-15.3 |
12.5±1.10 |
9.8-16.1 |
12.2±1.14 |
| Anal fin to caudal fin distance |
17.2-20.4 |
19.4±0.79 |
17.1-22.2 |
19.9±1.32 |
| Caudal peduncle depth |
7.8-12.0 |
10.7±1.14 |
9.5-13.2 |
11.0±0.94 |
| Pectoral girdle width |
18.0-22.4 |
20.1±0.99 |
17.4-21.8 |
20.0±1.04 |
| Dorsal-fin spine length |
6.5-9.2 |
7.6±0.77 |
6.9-12.1 |
8.8±1.24 |
| Pectoral-fin spine length |
9.7-15.7 |
12.0±1.39 |
10.7-15.4 |
13.2±1.11 |
| Body depth |
14.5-21.5 |
17.4±2.06 |
15.5-23.5 |
18.6±1.89 |
| Percents of head length |
| Snout length |
35.6-47.9 |
39.9±2.90 |
37.0-42.7 |
40.1±1.47 |
| Orbital diameter |
12.9-17.6 |
15.3±1.57 |
12.1-20.2 |
16.4±1.95 |
| Interobital distance |
30.1-41.8 |
33.7±3.59 |
29.8-39.9 |
35.2±2.79 |
| Maxillary barbel length |
128.9-213.3 |
167.8±24.17 |
178.5-374.2 |
261.3±53.33 |
| Mouth width |
40.5-57.1 |
45.4±4.15 |
42.1-57.0 |
47.1±3.19 |
Table 2.
Meristic characters of
Rhamdia branneri
and
R. voulezi
.
|
R. branneri
|
R. voulezi
|
| Counts |
Mode |
Counts |
Mode |
| 1. Dorsal fin |
I,6-8 |
I,6 |
I,6-7 |
I,6 |
| 2. Pectoral fin |
I,7-9 |
I,8 |
I,7-9 |
I,9 |
| 3. Pelvic fin |
I,4-5 |
I,5 |
I,5 |
I,5 |
| 4. Anal fin |
i-iii,6-9 |
ii,7 and ii,8 |
ii-v,7-9 |
i,8 |
| 5. Caudal fin |
I,6-9/8-10,I |
I,7/9,I |
I,6-9/8-10,I |
I,8 |
| 6. Gill–rakers on outermost arch |
9-14 |
10 |
9-14 |
12 |
Distribution.
Known from the rio Iguaçu, rio
Paraná
basin in
Brazil
(
Fig. 5
).
Material examined.
Paraná
:
FMNH 54235
,
holotype
of
Rhamdia branneri
, Serrinha, Iguassu
(current
Iguaçu
),
J. D. Haseman
,
24 Dec 1909
;
FMNH 54237
,
1
,
paratype
of
Rhamdia branneri
, Iguassu
(current
Iguaçu
),
J. D. Haseman
,
30 Dec 1909
; LISDEBE 5530, 1,
rio Negro
, under the bridge of
BR 116
-
Rio Negro
, collectors of
Ichthyology
DCB- UFSCar,
2 Apr 1985
;
LISDEBE 2294, 2,
rio Iguaçu
,
Porto Lupion
, collectors of
Ichthyology Surehma
,
Dec 1979
-
Jan 1980
;
NUP5715,1, reservoir of
Segredo
, municipality of
Pinhão
, border of
Mangueirinha
, collectors of
Nupélia
,
19 May 1993
,
NUP5713,1,
Segredo
reservoir, municipality of
Pinhão
, border of
Mangueirinha
, collectors of
Nupélia
,
18 Jun 1993
;
NUP 5719, 2,
rio Iguaçu
, down river from hydroelectric
Segredo
, municipality of
Pinhão
, border of
Mangueirinha
, collectors of
Nupelia
,
7 Sept 1993
;
NUP 5676, 1,
rio Butiá
tributary of
rio Iguaçu
, municipality of
Palmas
, border of
Mangueirinha
, collectors of
Nupélia
,
7 Aug 1993
;
NUP5720, 2,
rio São Pedro
, municipality of
Pinhão
, collectors of
Nupélia
,
12 Sept 1993
;
NUP 5718, 2,
rio Floresta
, municipality of
Pinhão
, collectors of
Nupélia
,
12-14 Aug 1993
;
LISDEBE 5531, 3,
Porto Lupion
,
rio Iguaçu
,
J.C. Garavello
& collectors of
Surehma
,
May 1979
;
LISDEBE 5532, 1,
rio Jordão
, tributary of
rio Iguaçu
at
Estância Santa Clara
,
Candói, J. C
.
Garavello
,
20 Jan 1997
;
LISDEBE 5533, 1,
rio Cavernoso
, tributary of
rio Iguaçu
near
Candói, J. C
.
Garavello
&
A. S. Soares
,
19-23 Jun 1998
.
Santa Catarina
:
Porto União
:
CAS-SU 62523
,
3
,
rio Iguaçu
at
Porto União
,
George S. Myers
&
Antenor L. Carvalho
, 1944;
CAS
62686
,
1
,
rio Iguaçu
at
Porto União
,
George S. Myers
&
Antenor L. Carvalho
, 1944; LISDEBE 5534, 4,
rio Timbó
, tributary of
rio Iguaçu
,
Colônia São Pedro, J. C
. Garavello & UFSCar collectors,
20-21 Nov 1986
;
LISDEBE 5535, 1,
rio Timbó
, tributary of
rio Iguaçu
,
Colônia São Pedro
,
J C Garavello
& UFSCar collectors,
18-19 Nov 1986
.