Delimitation, new species and teleomorph-anamorph relationships in Codinaea, Dendrophoma, Paragaeumannomyces and Striatosphaeria (Chaetosphaeriaceae) Author Reblova, Martina The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Taxonomy, Pruhonice 252 43, Czech Republic https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-1709 martina.reblova@ibot.cas.cz Author Nekvindova, Jana Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-5483 Author Fournier, Jacques Las Muros, Rimont 09420, France Author Miller, Andrew N. Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-0069 text MycoKeys 2020 74 17 74 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.74.57824 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.74.57824 1314-4049-74-17 ABBEDA6BFAD45DC6BC542EFF61A9C78F Paragaeumannomyces sphaerocellularis Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 10: 156. (2003) [2001]. Habitat and distribution. The species was described from dead twigs of an unknown broadleaf tree and is so far known only from the subtropical climate zone of the northern hemisphere in Japan, Wakayama Prefecture ( Matsushima 2003 ). Notes. Paragaeumannomyces sphaerocellularis is similar to P. panamensis ( Huhndorf and Fernandez 2005 ; Perera et al. 2016 ) in the morphology of reddish-brown, setose ascomata with acute, dark, opaque setae scattered over the entire surface and hyaline ascospores, but differs from it in larger ascomata 200-350 x 300-425 μm vs 185-235 x 190-270 μm , slightly shorter asci 105-125 μm vs 123-140 µm , and 5-10-septate ascospores longer in their upper range 65-90 x 3-4 μm vs always 7-septate, shorter ascospores 65-75 x 3-4 of P. panamensis . Although the size of the asci may vary, often dependent on the arrangement of ascospores, shorter ascospores with the constant occurrence of seven septa of P. panamensis is considered an important character. In other Paragaeumannomyces species with 7-septate ascospores, such as P. elegans , P. lapazianus and P. rubicundus , the number of seven septa remains constant and is considered a diagnostic feature. While P. sphaerocellularis was collected only once in Japan, two collections of P. panamensis originating from Panama and Thailand suggest that this species has a pantropical distribution. Although the two species are remarkably similar, without molecular evidence we prefer to consider them as separate. For a detailed comparison, see the key.