Taxonomic Revision of the Spider Genus Actinopus Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Actinopodidae) Author Miglio, Laura Tavares 0000-0002-9101-8657 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Laboratório de Aracnologia, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Cep: 66077 - 830, Belém, Pará, Brazil. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9101 - 8657, lauramiglio@gmail.com Author Pérez-Miles, Fernando 0000-0002-4367-6276 Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Entomología, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay. ® myga @ fcien. edu. uy, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4367 - 6276 myga@fcien.edu.uy Author Bonaldo, Alexandre B. 0000-0002-9101-8657 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Laboratório de Aracnologia, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Cep: 66077 - 830, Belém, Pará, Brazil. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9101 - 8657, bonaldo@museu-goeldi.br text Megataxa 2020 2020-10-09 2 1 1 256 journal article 3667 10.11646/megataxa.2.1.1 f7793976-e4e9-4562-a9cd-eda910d77fa0 2703-3090 5597237 D8203766-9E7B-468F-9E75-F21393A1BA3D Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871) Figs 63–67 , Map 5 Pachyloscelis nattereri Doleschall in Ausserer, 1871: 139 ( holotype ♀ , Rio Negro , Amazonas , Brazil , NWMW, not located). Actinopus nattereri : F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896: 730 ; World Spider Catalog, 2020 . Note. The material examined was attributed to A. nattereri by the size and disposition of the eyes and by the congruent geographical distribution. The provenance of the material here studied is coincident with the route traveled by the collector of the type specimen, Johann Natterer ( Papavero, 1971 ). Diagnosis. Males of A. nattereri resemble those of A. vilhena ( Fig. 73 A ), A. itapitocai ( Fig. 79 A ), A. itaqui ( Fig. 89 A ) and A. caxiuana ( Fig. 98 A ) by the bluishgray coloration of the dorsum of abdomen ( Figs 63 A , 67 E ); further resemble those of A. caxiuana , A. ipioca and A. itaqui by the tibia of palp paler than other articles; they resemble those of those of A. vilhena ( Fig. 75 A–C), A. harveyi ( Fig. 78 A–C), A. itapitocai ( Fig. 83 A–C), A. xingu ( Fig. 94 A–C) and A. utinga ( Fig. 103 A–C) by BTA displaced dorsally in relation to a middle longitudinal line along prolateral tegular surface ( Fig. 67 A ); they resemble those of A. vilhena , A. xingu and A. utinga by keels, as seen in prolateral view, very closed to each other ( Fig. 67 A ). They differ from those of all other species of the nattereri group by the overlapping keels; tegulum subquadrate; and by a slightly swelling on prolateral PS, visible on dorsal view ( Fig. 67 A–C). Females resemble A. rufipes by the unilobed receptacles and those of A. ipioca by the pore distribution reaching nearly 60% of receptacle surface; they differ from those of all species of the group by the rounded, divergent receptacles ( Fig. 67 D ). FIGURE 63. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871) , male: A–F INPA 3511: A. Abdomen, dorsal; B. Carapace, dorsal; C. Sternum, ventral; D. Cheliceral teeth, ventral; E. Rastellum, dorsal; F. Rastellum, ventral. Scales lines B–D: 0.5 mm. FIGURE 64. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871) , male: A–D INPA 3511: A. Patella III, dorsal; B. Tibia III, dorsal; C. Patella IV, dorsal; D. Tibia IV, dorsal. Scales lines A–C: 0.5 mm. MALE (INPA 3511): Total length 13.38; Carapace, long 6.64; wide 6.7. Carapace anterior part rounded. Eyes. Anterior row slightly procurved, posterior row recurved ( Fig. 63 B ). Few short bristles, widespread between posterior eyes, in interdistances ALE–AME and forming row along chilum. Sternum with eight sigilla fused medially, all sigilla very fused to each other ( Fig. 63 C ). Rastellum protuberant, inverted V-shaped, hirsute, without spines apically ( Fig. 63 E–F). Denticles widespread on subunguinal part of chelicera. Prolateral row decreasing on distal-proximal way and with denticles in the middle of retrolateral row ( Fig. 63 D ). Patella and tibia III with distal crown of well developed thorns, not interrupted in middle ( Fig. 64 A–B). Patellae III and IV with spines on prolaterodorsal face ( Fig. 64 A, C ). Tibia IV without spines on dorsal surface ( Fig. 64 D ). Ventral pseudoscopulae occupying 25% of tarsi I, 50% of II and 100% of III and IV. Pseudoscopula of tarsi I and II with setae spaced, forming diffuse group of bristles; In tarsi III and IV, compact. Carapace and chelicerae dark-reddishbrown; sternum reddish-brown; legs reddish-brown; tibia of palp yellowish-brown and other articles of palp brown; And abdomen iridescent blue (R. Saturnino, pers. comm., Fig. 67 E ). Eyes: Diameters: PME 0.36, PLE 0.39, ALE 0.51, AME 0.5; MOQ: Length 1.37, front width 1.14, back width 2.33; Interdistances: PME–PME 1.95, PLE–PME 0.08, AME–AME 0.18, ALE–AME 0.85, ALE–PLE 0.76, AME–PME 0.57. Ocular area: OAL 4.64, OAW 3.62, and IF 4.05. Body: Clypeus: 0.12; Fovea: 2.72; Labium: long 1.46; wide 1.2; Chelicerae: long 3.92; wide 2.14; Sternum: long 5.05; wide 3.54. Abdomen: long 6.96; wide 6.96. Leg measurements: I: Fe 6.84/ Pa 3.26/ Ti 4.37/ Me 4.73/ Ta 3 / total 22.2. II: 6.79/ 3.24/ 4.31/ 4.91/ 3.13/ 22.38. III: 5.38/ 3.23/ 3.19/ 5.65/ 3.26/ 20.71. IV: 7.64/ 3.49/ 6.2/ 6.01/ 3.76/ 27.1. Spination: I—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0-0-2, d0, p0, r0; ti v0-2-6, d0, p0, r0-0-1; Me v2-2-4, d0, p2-2-2, r3-4-5; ta v1-1-4, d0, p0-0-2, r0. II—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0-0-1, d0, p0, r0; ti v1-7-8, d0, p0, r3-5-4; Me v2-3-5, d0, p1-2-3, r2-4-4; ta v0-2-4, d0, p1-2-1, r1-3-0. III—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0-0-2, d4-7-17, p1-3-3, r0; ti v5-4-3, d0-1-12, p0-0-2, r0-0-3; Me v5-7- 3, d1-0-0, p0-2-0, r0-0-6; ta v0, d0, p0, r0-2-1; IV—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0-0-3, d8-6-2, p1-6-2, r0; ti v4-6-7, d0, p0, r0; Me v3-6-4, d0, p1-2-3, r0-1-0; ta v0, d0, p0- 2-1, r0. Palp: BTA poorly developed, displaced dorsally in relation to middle longitudinal line along prolateral tegular surface, embolus with three distal developed and overlapping keels (PAc, PI and PS), demarcated on three views of embolus. Inconspicuous swelling proximal to PS in dorsal view. Robust and subquadrate tegulum, PA long, developed, continuous to PS ( Fig. 67 A–C). FIGURE 65. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871) , female: A–F IBSP 113544: A. Abdomen, dorsal; B. Carapace, dorsal; C. Sternum, ventral; D. Cheliceral teeth, ventral; E. Rastellum, dorsal; F. Rastellum, ventral. Scales lines B–C: 0.5 mm; D: 1 mm. FIGURE 66. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871) , female: A–D IBSP 113544: A. Patella III, dorsal; B. Tibia III, dorsal; C. Patella IV, dorsal; D. Tibia IV, dorsal. Scales lines A–C: 0.5 mm. FEMALE (IBSP 113544): Total length 22.42; Carapace, long 7.56; wide 7.70. Carapace anterior part rounded. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior row recurved. Short bristles anterior eyes-clypeus in row along chilum edge ( Fig. 65 B ). Sternum with eight sigilla strongly fused medially, all sigilla very fused to each other ( Fig. 65 C ). Rastellum protuberant, rectangular, dorsally covered by many strong spines. Prolateral spines stronger than in rest of rastellum ( Fig. 65 E–F). Denticles widespread in subunguinal part of chelicera. Prolateral row decreasing in distal-proximal way and with denticles in basis of retrolateral row ( Fig. 65 D ). Patella and tibia III with distal crown of well developed thorns, not interrupted in middle ( Fig. 66 A–B). Patellae III and IV with spines on prolaterodorsal face ( Fig. 66 A, C ). Tibia III with recurved crown of spines, strong spines along retrolateral surface of article and one dorsal spine at basal third of article ( Fig. 66 B ). Patella IV with prolaterodorsal short spines along extension of article ( Fig. 66 C ). Tibia IV without spines and with many long bristles on prolateral surface ( Fig. 66 D ). Numerous robust spines on ventral, retrolateral and prolateral surfaces of tarsi III and IV and prolateral and retrolateral surfaces of tarsi and metatarsi I and II. Carapace yellowish-brown, with spot in form of yellow maple leaf and extended to eye area ( Fig. 65 B ). Sternum yellowish brown; legs brown, with prolaterodorsal half of patella IV yellow ( Fig. 66 D ). Abdomen pale-brown ( Fig. 65 A ). 10 labial cuspules, 59 on right maxilla and 67 on left. Eyes: Diameters: PME 0.3, PLE 0.33, ALE 0.23, AME 0.35; MOQ: Length 1.28, front width 0.82, back width 2.34; Interdistances: PME–PME 1.82, PLE–PME 0.13, AME–AME 0.29, ALE–AME 1.02, ALE–PLE 0.81, AME–PME 0.75. Ocular area: OAL 5.85, OAW 4.57, and IF 2.94. Body: Clypeus: 0.41; Fovea: 3.63; Labium: long 2.14; wide 1.56; Chelicerae: long 4.52; wide 2.78; Sternum: long 5.72; wide 4.19. Abdomen: long 10.94; wide 9.45. Leg measurements: I: Fe 4.54/ Pa 2.92/ Ti 1.94/ Me 2.45/ Ta 1.53/ total 13.38. II: 4.62/ 3.08/ 2.02/ 2.51/ 1.64/ 13.87. III: 4.08/ 3.57/ 1.43/ 2.94/ 1.48/ 13.5. IV: 6.04/ 3.6/ 3.22/ 3.26/ 1.53 / 17.65. Spination: I—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0-0-1, d0, p0, r0; ti v0-0-2, d0, p0-4- 3, r4-15-8; Me v3-3-2, d0, p6-7-5, r7-8-5; ta v1-2-2, d0, p3-5-2, r4-5-1. II—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0, d0, p0, r0; ti v4-6-9, d0, p0, r7-15-19; Me v0-4-4, d0, p6-8-5, r8-12-7; ta v1-2-2, d0, p5-6-3, r7-3-2. III—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0, d0-1-23, p0-0-2, r1-5-4; ti v0, d0-13-21, p0-0-2, r0-0-1; Me v1-3-5, d4-3-6, p0, r4-9-10; ta v13-12-10, d1-3-2, p1- 4-3, r2-9-3; IV—Fe v0, d0, p0, r0; Pa v0, d12-11-5, p0, r0; ti v0, d0, p0, r0; Me v0-1-2, d0-1-1, p0-0-4, r0; ta v3- 14-10, d0-1-3, p4-12-6, r1-1-3. Spermathecae: Unilobed seminal receptacles, rounded, divergent, as long as wide, with short ducts. Without sclerotized region on basal part of the spermatheca, replaced by a membrane ( Fig. 67 D ). FIGURE 67. Actinopus nattereri (Doleschall, 1871) , male: A–C INPA 3511: A. Copulatory bulb, prolateral; B. Copulatory bulb, dorsal; C. Copulatory bulb, retrolateral. PA- Paraembolic apophysis; BTA -Basal Tegular Apophysis; PAc -Prolateral Accessory keel; PI -Prolateral Inferior keel; PS -Prolateral Superior keel; Arrow: Serrated area. Paratype, female: D IBSP 13544: D. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale line: Male: 1 mm, female: 0.5 mm. E INPA: E. Dorsal habitus, alive, with a big blue iridescent spot on dorsal abdomen. Photo: Thiago G. Carvalho. VARIATION MALES (n= 10): Eyes: Diameters: PME 0.28–0.41, PLE 0.3–0.71, ALE 0.42–0.74, AME 0.45–0.83; MOQ: Length 1.28–1.87, front width 1.05–1.63, back width 2.18–3.48; Interdistances: PME–PME 1.65 – 2.81 , PLE–PME 0.06– 0.27, AME–AME 0.14–0.26, ALE–AME 0.67–1.4, ALE–PLE 0.6–0.95, AME–PME 0.48–1.08. Ocular area : OAL 4.24–5.07, OAW 3.19–4.36, and IF 2.23–4.05. Body: Total length: 11.63–16.41; Carapace: Length 6.04–8.05; wide 6.7–8.12; Clypeus: 0.13–0.3; Fovea: 2.54–3.21; Labium: Length 1.46–1.9; wide 1.13–1.4; Chelicerae: Length 2.8–4.5; wide 1.78–2.7; Sternum: Length 4.77– 5.67; wide 3.54–4.16. Abdomen: Length 5.02–7.66; wide 4.42–6.17. Leg measures: I: Fe 6.57–7.73/ Pa 2.98–3.38/ Ti 3.44–4.66/ Me 4.92–6.1/ Ta 2.9–3.46 / total 22.2–24. II : 6.47–7.38/ 3.02–3.43/ 3.95–5.07/ 4.91–6.04/ 3.1–3.42/ 22.2–24.4. III : 5.36–7.6/ 3.19–3.5/ 3.05–3.67/ 4.79–6.26/ 3.06–4.27/ 20.6–23.9. IV : 7.29–9.19/ 3.34–3.96/ 5.93– 6.71/ 5.79–7.12/ 3.22–4.41/ 26–30.1. FEMALES (n=3): Eyes: Diameters: PME 0.18–0.3, PLE 0.23–0.33, ALE 0.15–0.23,AME0.24–0.35;MOQ:Length 0.75–1.28,front width 0.12–0.82, back width 1.38–2.34; Interdistances: PME–PME 1.02 – 1.82 , PLE–PME 0.11–0.13, AME–AME 0.1–0.29, ALE–AME 0.53–1.02, ALE–PLE 0.45– 0.81, AME–PME 0.4–0.75. Ocular area : OAL 3.63–5.85, OAW 2.57–4.57, and IF 2.11–2.94. Body : Total length: 9.32–22.42; Carapace : Length : 4.31–7.56; wide: 4.2–7.7; Clypeus : 0.16–0.41; Fovea : 1.58–3.63; Labium : Length 1.2–2.14; wide 0.85–1.56; Chelicerae : Length 2.81–4.52; wide 1.65–2.78; Sternum : Length 3.29–5.72; wide 2.51– 3.19. Abdomen : Length 4.72–10.94; wide 4.23–9.45. Leg measurements: I: Fe 2.49–4.54/ Pa 1.71–2.92/ Ti 1.15– 1.94/ Me 1.55–2.45/ Ta 0.97–1.53/ total 8.08–13.38. II : 2.38–4.62 / 1.8–3.08/ 1.05–2.02/ 1.36–2.51/ 1.12–1.64/ 8.3–13.87. III : 2.49–4.08/ 2.11–3.57/ 0.5–1.43/ 1.2–2.94/ 0.83–1.48/ 7.52–13.5. IV : 3.05–6.04 / 1.88–3.6/ 2.26– 3.22/ 1.99–3.26/ 1.18–1.53/ 10.63–17.65 . Distribution. BRAZIL . Amazonas: Manaus ( Map 5 ). Material examined. BRAZIL . Amazonas : Manaus , [ 03°06’ 47.9982” S 60° 1’ 31.0008”W ], 1♂, 01.ix.1984 , C. Ruy leg. ( INPA 3510 ) ; 01.viii.1978 ( INPA 3167 ) ; Reserva do Km 41, [ 02º 26’ S 59º 46’ W ], 1♀ , vii–viii.2006, A. Y. Santo leg. ( IBSP 113544 ) ; Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke , [ 02° 58’ 5.9952” S 59° 55’ 49.9836” W ], 1♂, 28.ix.1983 ( INPA 3511 ) ; 17–24.viii.1991 , A. D. Brescovit leg. ( MCN 21484) ; 1♀ , 04.xii.1990 , A. P. Apolinário leg. ( INPA 3166 ) ; 12.xii.1990 , F. B. Apolinário leg. ( INPA 3165 ) ; 3♂, 28.ix.1983 ( INPA 3534 ) ; 1993, Wollscheid & Curd leg. ( MCN 24987) ; 4♂, viii–ix.1993, Wollscheid & Curd leg. ( INPA 3509 ) ; 20♂ ( INPA 6125 ) ; Acampamento Central , 02° 56’ 31.66”S 59° 56’ 39.37”W , 4♂, 24.vii.2008 , R . Saturnino and J. ten Caten leg. ( INPA 3168 ) ; l 5–4500 m ( T 250m ), 02° 57’ 25.18”S 59° 55’ 25.63”O , 2♂, 16.viii.2008 , J. ten Caten leg. ( INPA 3516 ) ; l 5–2500 m ( T30 150–180), 02° 57’ 35.29”S 59° 56’ 29.56”W , 1♂, viii.2008 , J. ten Caten leg. ( INPA 3515 ) ; l 5–1500 m ( T 250m ), 02° 57’ 40.34”S 59° 57’ 01.37”W , 1♂, 17.viii.2008 , J. ten Caten leg. ( INPA 3514 ) ; l 7– 500m ( T 250m ), 02° 58’ 49.32”S 59° 57’ 23.67”W , 1♂, 08.viii.2008 , J. ten Caten leg. ( INPA 3517 ) ; Estrada da Compensa 25, [ 03º 06’ 07” S 60º 01’ 30” W ], Manda Brasa , 6♂, 09.x.2006 ( INPA 3164 ) .