A taxonomic revision of Mexican and Central American Symplocos (Symplocaceae) Author Kelly, Lawrence M. New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458 - 5126, USA. Email: lkelly @ nybg. org (corresponding author) lkelly@nybg.org Author Almeda, Frank California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, Department of Botany, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 - 4599, USA. Email: falmeda @ calacademy. org falmeda@calacademy.org Author Fritsch, Peter W. New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458 - 5126, USA. Email: lkelly @ nybg. org (corresponding author) & Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 - 3400, USA. Email: pfritsch @ brit. org & New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458 - 5126, USA. Email: lkelly @ nybg. org (corresponding author) lkelly@nybg.org text Phytotaxa 2016 2016-06-08 264 1 448 450 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.264.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.264.1.1 1179-3163 13664785 5. Symplocos austromexicana Almeda (1976: 365) . Type :— MEXICO . Oaxaca : ca. 27 mi N of Ixtlán de Juárez off of Hwy. 175 in wet pine-hardwood forests, ca. 2575 m , [ 17°27′15″N , 96°30′28″W ], 20 December 1972 , F. Almeda & J. Luteyn 1659 ( holotype DUKE!, isotype CAS!) Shrubs 1–4 m tall; juvenile branchlets and vegetative buds sparsely strigillose, trichomes 0.2–0.4 mm long, antrorsely appressed, light brown or whitish. Petioles (1–)2–3(–4) mm long; leaf blades slightly bicolorous, ovate to elliptic-ovate, (0.6–)1–1.7(–2.6) × 0.5–0.9(–1.1) cm, coriaceous, glabrous, secondary veins not adaxially impressed, base acute, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescences 1-flowered; peduncles 2–4 mm long; bracts and bracteoles not readily distinguishable, caducous, 3–5, distributed from the base of the flower and farther down along peduncle, oval or oblong (rarely triangular or subulate), 1–1.5 × 0.5–1 mm , glabrous, margins finely ciliate. Hypanthium sparsely to moderately strigillose or occasionally glabrous. Calyx lobes 4 or 5, ovate to suborbicular, 2–3 × 1–2 mm , glabrous, margins finely ciliate, often glandular. Corolla purple or lavender, 6–7- lobed, 6–7 mm long; tube ca. 1 mm long; lobes adnate to filament tube for 2–3 mm , oblong, glabrous. Stamens triseriate; filament tube 2–4 mm long; distinct portions of filaments 0.5–2 mm × 0.25–0.5 mm . Disk pilose; style 5–7 mm long, glabrous; stigma shallowly to deeply 3-lobed. Fruits green maturing to dark bluish purple, broadly ovoid to oblong-ellipsoid, 9–12 × 4–8 mm , glabrous, apex gradually narrowed to base of erect calyx lobes; disk pulvinate, apex partly visible, surpassed by calyx; endocarp 3-locular, perimeter slightly undulate. Vernacular name —None. Illustration — Almeda (1976: 23) . Photographic images — Figures 1b , 2e . Phenology —Flowering January, July, August, October, and November; fruiting March, May, July, and August. Distribution and habitat — Mexico (north-central Oaxaca ), in Quercus-Pinus forests and cloud forests at 2575–2880 m elev. Figure 7 . Conservation status —This species is known only from about 12 localities in a narrow elevational band in the mountains north of Oaxaca , Mexico . The EOO is 352 km ² and the AOO is 44 km ². The area of occurrence is experiencing habitat destruction and deforestation and is therefore inferred to be in decline. We assign a classification of Endangered (EN): B1ab(iii). Discussion —This Oaxacan endemic is easily distinguished from all other Mexican and Central American species by the combination of small leaves, solitary, glabrous flowers, and small fruits ( 9–12 mm long). Additional specimens examined — MEXICO . Oaxaca : between Oaxaca and Valle Nacional , 44 km N of Ixtlán de Juárez , 2750 m , [ 17°33′33″N , 96°31′05″W ], 22 October 1985 , Bartholomew et al. 3308 (CAS!, GH!, MEXU!, MO!, NY !) ; Mpio. Comaltepec , to the right of Hwy 175, just beyond first major switchback on descent from mirador below Cerro Humo Chico , 2740–2760 m , 17°35′15″N , 96°31′30″W , 1 November 1993 , Boyle & Massart 2482 (CAS!, MO !) ; NW slope of Cerro Humo Chico , 43 km N of Ixtlán de Juárez jct. on rd to Valle Nacional , 2870 m , [ 17°35′07″N , 96°30′44″W ], 9 November 1983 , Breedlove & Almeda 59968 (C!, CAS!, F!, GH !) ; NW slope of Cerro Humo Chico , 43 km N of Ixtlán de Juárez jct. on rd to Valle Nacional , 2870 m , [ 17°35′07″N , 96°30′44″W ], 9 November 1983 , Breedlove & Almeda 60011 (CAS!, MEXU!, MO!, NY !) ; Sierra de Juárez , carretera Oaxaca a Tuxtepec , cerca de Cerro Pelón , a 300 m antes de la desviación a San Pedro Yolox , 2850 m , [ 17°34′33″N , 96°30′35″W ], 19 January 1989 , Cházaro B. et al. 5810 (CAS!, MEXU !) ; 10.8 km en línea recta al S de Santa Cruz Tepetotutla , 2660 m , 17°38′48″N , 96°31′26″W , 21 May 1994 , Gallardo H. et al. 1127 ( MEXU !) ; 11.2 km en línea recta al S de Santa Cruz Tepetotutla , 2800 m , 17°38′49″N , 96°32′26″W , 12 July 1994 , Gallardo H. et al. 1138 ( MEXU !) ; 2 km S of the summit of Cerro Pelón , ca. 46 km N of Ixtlán de Juárez , along hwy to San Pedro Yolox , ca. 100 m W of jct. with hwy from Valle Nacional to Oaxaca City, 2878 m , 17°34.510′N , 96°30.586′W , [ 17°34′41″N , 96°30′39″W ], 11 January 2003 , Kelly et al. 1304 (CAS!, MEXU!, NY !) . Cerro de Humo Chico–Comaltepec , 3000 m , [ 17°33′12″N , 96°31′20″W ], 27 January 1963 , MacDougall s.n. (CAS-2!, MEXU !) ; Cerro de Humo Chico , near Paso Cerro Pelón , 9500 ft , [ 17°35′N , 96°30′33″W ], 2 September 1966 , MacDougall 15 (NY!, US !) ; Dist. Ixtlán , Cerro Humo Chico , Comaltepec , 9500 ft , [ 17°34′51″N , 96°29′40″W ], 27 26 • Phytotaxa 264 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press KELLY ET AL. January 1967 , MacDougall s.n. ( CAS !); Cerro de Humo Chico , [ 17°34′22″N , 96°30′22″W ] , 8 February 1966 , MacDougall 19 (NY!, US !); Mpio. Comaltepec , Dist. Ixtlán , Cerro Pelón , 14 November 1968 , MacDougall 484S ( NY !); Llano de las Flores , Sierra de Juárez , [ 17°26′42″N , 96°30′06″W ] , 3 January 1960 , Miranda 9239 ( MEXU !); sobre la brecha 290, Macuiltianguis , 2950 m , [ 17°32′02″N , 96°33′04″W ] , 20 March 1980 , Pérez C. 67 ( MEXU !); Sierra Juárez , above Valle Nacional , 9000 ft , [ 17°46′30″N , 96°18′11″W ] , 26 December 1970 , Sharp 717 ( NY !); Cerro Pelón , desv. a San Juan Yolox , 2800 m , [ 17°34′54″N , 96°30′55″W ] , 18 January 1989 , Tenorio L. et al. 15452 (F!, MEXU !); Sierra Madre Oriental , ca. 0.5 mi S of Cerro Pelón , 3000 m , [ 17°34′45″N , 96°30′37″W ] , 30 August 1975 , Webster et al. 20292 ( MEXU !) .