Phylogeny of marine Ainuyusurika tuberculata (Tokunaga) (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae), with description of the immature stages Author Han, Wu Author Tang, Hongqu text Zootaxa 2019 2019-11-07 4695 2 131 147 journal article 24945 10.11646/zootaxa.4695.2.3 1f8b6014-8a6a-4376-8376-2b43cf5c9825 1175-5326 3531250 68BA1999-5EC9-44C8-B007-0E4C83DF43EE Ainuyusurika Sasa & Shirasaka Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaka, in Sasa 1988: 80 ; Oyewo & Saether 2008: 137 . Type species: Pentapedilum ( Pentapedilum ) tuberculatum Tokunaga, 1940 . Diagnosis. Male generic diagnosis was given by Sasa (1988: 80) and Oyewo & Saether (2008: 137) , pattern of tibial comb is re-emphasized here. However, additions should be made to Oyewo & Saether (2008: 138) for the female, which is too brief. Those for the pupa and larva are prepared here for the first time. Male: Fore tibia with one round scale; mid and hind tibiae apically with two narrow-separated combs, together occupying about half of tibial circumference; only outer comb with apically hooked spur. Female: Antenna with 6 flagellomeres. Wing with macrotrichia denser in basal half. Genitalia with long and thick notum, and short and stout rami. Gonocoxapodeme gradually curved. Coxosternapodeme strongly sclerotized, sinuous. Dorsomesal lobe small, extended posteriorly; ventrolateral lobe broad, brush-like, and posterolateral to dorsomesal lobe; apodeme lobe weakly sclerotized. Labia well developed, with distinct microtrichia only at apically. Seminal capsule oval, with distinct neck. Spermathecal duct initially directed posteriorly then making a complete loop before middle section, terminated in common opening. Cerci broad, large and subquadrate. Pupa: Cephalic tubercle conical; frontal seta long. Thoracic horn with 3 main basal bundles, bearing more than 10 smooth branches; basal ring dark brown, oval. Prealar tubercle absent.AT II–VI with more or less extensive spinulation; AT VII–VIII with anterolateral spinulation. AT I and IX without spinulation. AT III–VI with anterior transverse band of spines. Conjunctives III/IV and IV/V with rows of spinules. Sternite and parasternites without spinules. A IV with vortex. A II with 2 pairs of well-developed pedes spurii B; A III with one pair of pedes spurii B. A VIII comb with 1–3 large and 5–8 small teeth. A V–VI each with 3 Lt setae; A VII–VIII each with 4 Lt setae. Fourth instar larva: Medium-sized, ca. 5.0 cm in total length. Diameter of head capsule relatively small comparing to that of the fat abdomen. Foramen occipital relative large. Triangulum occipital plate well developed which make the head easy to retract into the body. Body reddish when alive; head yellow except for golden mandible and pale mentum. Frontoclypeus with the anterior margin nearly straight or weakly curved; labral sclerites rectangular, anteriorly concave. Antenna with 5 segments. Lauterborn organs opposite on apex of second segment. Basal segment with ring organ positioned 1/3 from base; antennal seta located 1/5 from apex. Blade reaching near apex of terminal segment. Labro-epipharyngeal region with SI plumose only along inner side, SII plumose on both sides, and SIII simple, short; SIVa, b moderately developed. Labral lamella broad, with indication of division. Pecten epipharyngis with three scales, each apically with 3–5 teeth, without additional basal teeth. Labrum with 7–8 plumose chaetulae laterales and 4 apically branched chaetulae basales. Premandible with 4 pale teeth and brush. Mandible with one pale dorsal, one strong apical and 3 inner teeth. Pecten mandibularis composed of 8–12 setae. Seta interna consisting of four branches, seta subdentalis extending beyond apex of second basal inner teeth. Mentum with 16 teeth; 4 median teeth subequal. Hypopharynx with many quadrate scales, each bearing several long bushs. Ventromental plate with anteromedial projection, not quite connected to median tooth of mentum; striae visible in posteromedian area and along outer submargin. Abdomen with simple claws on anterior and posterior parapods. Posterior segments without lateral, ventral and anal tubules. Procercus unpigmented, small, slightly higher than wide.