Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan Author Shimizu, So Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan & DC and Overseas Challenge Program for Young Researchers, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan & Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-4552 parasitoidwasp.sou@gmail.com Author Broad, Gavin R. Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333 Author Maeto, Kaoru Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan text ZooKeys 2020 990 1 144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542 1313-2970-990-1 7B73642C278D40F89091B26213C9A704 9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4 Enicospilus pseudopuncticulatus Shimizu sp. nov. Figure 35 Etymology. This species is very close to E. puncticulatus , hence the specific name based on their similarity. Type series. Total of 8 specimens (5♀♀3♂♂): Japan (5♀♀3♂♂). HT: ♀, NIAES, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Pref., Kanto-Koshin , JAPAN, 17-26.VII.1989, M. Sharkey leg. (NIAES). PT: 1♂, Awashima, Niigata Pref., Hokuriku, JAPAN, 7.VII.1937, K. Baba & J. Sawano leg. (MNHA); 1♂, same data as HT (NIAES); 1♀, NIAES, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Pref., Kanto-Koshin , JAPAN, 14-19.IV.1989, M. Sharkey leg. (EMUS); 2♀♀, Nokata, Nisshin, Aichi Pref., Tokai , JAPAN, 10-16.VII.2011 (1♀), 23-30.VII.2011 (1♀), H. Seo & R. Mizutani leg. (MsT) (ELMU); 1♀1♂, Niryou, Takatsuki City, Ōsaka Pref., Kinki, JAPAN, 30.VI-4.VIII.2013, S. Fujie leg. (MsT) (♀, MNHA, SEN176-DDBJ-LC492933; ♂, OMNH, SEN147-DDBJ-LC492932). Distribution. Eastern Palaearctic region. JAPAN: [Hokuriku] Niigata; [ Kanto-Koshin ] Ibaraki; [ Tokai ] Aichi; [Kinki] Ōsaka . Bionomics. Unknown. Differential diagnosis. Although this species is very close to E. puncticulatus based on both morphology and DNA barcoding (Fig. 6 ), it is rather readily distinguishable by the linear central sclerite and straight fore wing vein 1cu-a, as in Fig. 35F . Description. Female (n = 5). Body length 20.0-22.0 (HT: ca. 20.5) mm. Head with GOI = 3.0-3.2 (HT: 3.1) (Fig. 35D ). Lower face 0.8 x as wide as high, strongly shiny, finely punctate with setae (Fig. 35B ). Clypeus 1.7-2.0 x (HT: 1.9) as wide as high, moderately punctate with setae as in upper face, moderately convex in profile, ventral margin impressed (Fig. 35B, D ). Malar space 0.3 x as long as basal mandibular width (Fig. 35B, D ). Mandible moderately twisted by 25-40° (HT: ca. 30°), rather long, proximally narrowed, distally parallel-sided, outer surface with diagonal setose groove (Fig. 35B, D ). Upper tooth of mandible 1.8-2.1 x (HT: 2.1) as long as lower (Fig. 35B ). Frons, vertex and gena strongly shiny with fine setae (Fig. 35B-D ). Posterior ocellus very close to eye (Fig. 35B-D ). Ventral end of occipital carina joining oral carina. Antennae with 66-69 (HT: 67) flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.6-1.7 x (HT: 1.6) as long as second; 20th flagellomere 2.0-2.1 x (HT: 2.0) as long as wide. Mesosoma entirely very strongly shiny with setae (Fig. 35E ). Pronotum diagonally striate to moderately punctate (Fig. 35E ). Mesoscutum 1.5 x as long as maximum width, finely punctate with setae, and evenly rounded in profile (Fig. 35E ). Notauli absent (Fig. 35E ). Scutellum moderately convex, finely punctate, with lateral longitudinal carinae along entire length of scutellum. Epicnemium densely punctate with setae. Epicnemial carina strong, evenly curved to anterior, dorsal end not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron (Fig. 35E ). Mesopleuron entirely longitudinally striate to punctostriate (Fig. 35E ). Submetapleural carina broadened anteriorly (Fig. 35E ). Metapleuron entirely moderately punctate with diagonal striae posteriorly (Fig. 35E ). Propodeum declivous in profile; anterior transverse carina complete; anterior area longitudinally striate; spiracular area finely punctate with setae; posterior area finely to moderately rugose; propodeal spiracle elliptical and not joining pleural carina by ridge (Fig. 35E ). Wings (Fig. 35F ). Fore wing length 13.0-14.0 (HT: ca. 13.0) mm with AI = 0.3-0.6 (HT: 0.5), CI = 0.2-0.3 (HT: 0.3), DI = 0.4, ICI = 0.5, SDI = 1.1-1.2 (HT: 1.1), SI = 0.2, SRI = 0.3; vein 1m-cu&M moderately sinuous; vein 2r&RS slightly sinuous; vein RS evenly curved; fenestra and sclerites of discosubmarginal cell as in Fig. 35F ; proximal sclerite rounded triangular, not confluent with distal sclerite, strongly pigmented; central sclerite linear and pigmented, subparallel to 2r&RS, positioned in medio-distal part of fenestra; distal sclerite moderately pigmented; proximal corner of marginal cell evenly setose; posterodistal corner of second discal cell 95-100° (HT: ca. 95°) and of subbasal cell 75-85° (HT: ca. 75°); vein 1cu-a antefurcal to M&RS by 0.1 x length of 1cu-a. Hind wing with NI = 1.3-1.4 (HT: 1.4); vein RS slightly evenly curved; vein RA with 7-8 (HT: 7) uniform hamuli. Legs. Hind leg with coxa in profile 1.9-2.0 x (HT: 1.9) as long as deep; basitarsus 2.0-2.1 x (HT: 2.0) as long as second tarsomere; fourth tarsomere 4.5-4.6 x (HT: 4.6) as long as wide; tarsal claw simply pectinate. Metasoma with DMI = 1.3-1.4 (HT: 1.3), PI = 2.9-3.3 (HT: 3.2), THI = 2.2-2.6 (HT: 2.3); thyridium suboval, moderately sized; ovipositor sheath not longer than posterior depth of metasoma (Fig. 35A ). Colour (Fig. 35 ). Entirely red-brown except for apex of mandible black. Wings hyaline; sclerites pigmented and amber; veins red-brown. Male (n = 3). Very similar to female. Figure 35. Enicospilus pseudopuncticulatus Shimizu, sp. nov. ♀ ( A-E HT F PT) A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing.