Monograph of the western Indian Ocean genus Paracephaelis (Rubiaceae - Pavetteae), with description of thirteen new species Author Block, Petra De Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, BE- 1860 Meise, Belgium. petra.deblock@meisebotanicgarden.be text European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-03-10 801 1 99 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.801.1685 journal article 92002 10.5852/ejt.2022.801.1685 9e07b749-7497-4b4e-8168-2aca6a9543b2 2118-9773 6358810 Paracephaelis bardotiae De Block sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77260705-1 Figs 2F , 6 Diagnosis Differing from Paracephaelis aristata sp. nov. by having reddish brown bark (vs pale greyish or fawnish), glabrous lower leaf surfaces (vs densely covered with long erect or spreading hairs), and densely pubescent inner calyx surfaces (vs glabrous). Etymology The species is named in honour of Ms Martine Bardot-Vaucoulon, who collected extensively in the tsingy of Ankarana. Type material MADAGASCAR – Antsiranana Province , Diana Region , Antsiranana II District • Anivorano Nord , Ankarana RS , Mahoro ; 7 Nov. 1997 ; fr; Bardot-Vaucoulon & Andrianantoinina 933 ; holotype : P; isotypes: P . Other material studied MADAGASCAR – Antsiranana Province , Diana Region , Antsiranana II District • Ankarana , sentier botanique , ca 17 km NE of Mahamasina ; 17 Jan. 2002 ; fl; De Block , Rakotonasolo & Randriamboavonjy 1280 ; BR , K , MO , P , TAN . Description Small tree, 2.5–5 m tall; pubescence tawny. Young shoots brown, densely covered with spreading or appressed hairs; older branches reddish brown, flaking, glabrous. Petioles 2–6 mm long, moderately to densely covered with appressed to spreading hairs. Leaf blades narrowly elliptic, narrowly obovate, elliptic, obovate or ovate, 3–8 × 1–2.5 cm , coriaceous, drying brown or blackish brown and not discolorous, upper surface glossy, both surfaces glabrous except for sparsely ciliate margin, midrib and sometimes secondary veins; base cuneate, obtuse or rounded; tip rounded and mucronate; ciliate pit domatia present; midrib moderately to densely covered with appressed hairs on both surfaces; 6–10 secondary veins on each side of midrib, inconspicuous on both surfaces, rarely sparsely covered with appressed hairs below; higher order venation inconspicuous on both surfaces. Stipules triangular with needle-like awn, outer surface moderately to densely covered with spreading or appressed hairs, inner surface glabrous with row of colleters interspaced with long appressed hairs at the base; sheath 1.5–2 mm long; awn 2–4.5 mm long. Inflorescences sessile, 1–2.5 × 1–2.5 cm , with 5–15 flowers; inflorescence parts densely covered with appressed or spreading hairs; first order axes 0.3–1.5 cm long; higher order bracts with stipular parts reduced or absent, foliar parts narrowly triangular and vaulted, 3–5 mm long, or, linear leaf-like, up to 10 mm long; bracteoles on pedicel just below ovary, opposite, stipular parts absent, foliar parts narrowly triangular, 2–3 mm long, tips acute. Flowers shortly pedicellate, pedicels 0.5–3 mm long when flowering, 0.5–7 mm long when fruiting. Calyx densely covered with appressed hairs outside (lobes less densely pubescent than tube), inner surface densely covered with long appressed hairs all over but most dense at the base; tube 1.2–1.5 mm long; lobes oblong or triangular, 2.5–3 mm long, tips obtuse. Mature corolla, stamens, style and stigma unknown. Ovary 1.5–2 mm long, faintly ribbed longitudinally (when dried), densely covered with appressed or spreading hairs (more densely pubescent than calyx); per locule 3–8 ovules arranged at periphery of placenta attached to middle of septum. Fruits ovoid or spherical, at least 0.6–0.8 cm in diam., faintly ribbed longitudinally and glossy (when dried), densely covered with appressed to spreading hairs; fruit wall thin, with sclerified vascular bundles; pyrenes hemispherical or hemi-ovoid, 5–6.5 × 4–5.5 mm , crustaceous, with rounded base, shortly acuminate tip, small adaxial opening somewhat below the middle and longitudinal central ridge running from the apex to the top of the adaxial opening. Seeds (1–)2–6(–10) per fruit, 3–4 × 2.5–3 mm . Fig. 6. Paracephaelis bardotiae De Block sp. nov. A . Fruiting branch. B . Stipule. C . Bracteole, ovary and calyx. D . Fruit. Drawn by Mr A. Fernandez. From Bardot-Vaucoulon & Andrianantoinina 933 . Distribution Only known from Ankarana National Park in Antsiranana II District, Diana Region ( Antsiranana Province ) ( Fig. 23A ). Habitat and phenology Low-elevation dry, deciduous or semi-deciduous forest; on limestone covered by sand or clay. Flowers: January; Fruits: November. Provisional IUCN assessment Critically Endangered: CR B2ab(iii). Since P. bardotiae sp. nov. is known from only two collections, it is impossible to estimate the EOO. The AOO of the species is estimated to be 8 km 2 , which complies with the Critically Endangered category under criterion B2. The two specimens were collected in Ankarana Special Reserve in 1999 and 2002. The species thus occurs in a single location, which complies with the Critically Endangered category under sub criterion ‘a’ of criterion B2. The Ankarana Special Reserve was instated in 1956 and, legally, protection is complete ( Nicoll & Langrand 1989 ). In reality, however, infringements into the reserve are common ( Nicoll & Langrand 1989 ; Cardiff & Befourouack 2008 ). Forests in the Ankarana Special Reserve are destroyed by bushfires and are cleared for slash-and-burn agriculture. In the last 25 years, the reserve has experienced an enormous influx of migrant miners hunting for sapphires. The miners undercut the forest soil and set up semi-permanent camps inside the reserve. Furthermore, forests in the Ankarana Special Reserve are threatened by illegal logging for hardwood, firewood, and wood for the production of charcoal, by hunting, and by the selective collection of plant species for medicinal or subsistence use ( Nicoll & Langrand 1989 ; Cardiff & Befourouack 2008 ; Fondation pour les Aires Protégées et la Biodiversité de Madagascar 2020 ). Because of these facts, a reduction in the extent and quality of the habitat of P. bardotiae sp. nov. is inferred. This threat, in combination with the low AOO and the single location, qualifies the species for Critically Endangered status. Note This species is only known from two collections. Mature flowers and fruits are still to be collected.