New chironomid flies in Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera: Chironomidae) Author Veltz, Isabelle Author Azar, Dany Author Nel, André text African Invertebrates 2007 2007-04-30 48 1 169 191 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.7667523 2305-2562 7667523 Lebanorthocladius furcatus sp. n. Figs 9–12 Etymology: After the forked gonostylus, characteristic of the male. Description: Head 0.12 mm long. Ocelli absent. Antenna 0.56 mm long, almost 5 times length of head, distinctly hairy, with 13 flagellomeres covered with long setae (shortest 0.04 mm , longest 0.2 mm ), scape broad and short, rounded, pedicel very short, Fig. 9. Lebanorthocladius furcatus gen. et sp. n. , holotype 5B, general habitus, scale bar = 0.5 mm. flagellomere 13 very long ( 0.07 mm ). Eye bare, with a small dorso-medial extension, with 3 rows of ommatidia at minimum width. Clypeus with few dorsal setae. Mouthparts lacking functional mandible; 4 palpomeres with numerous setae, all of approximately the same length. Postocular, frontal, inner vertical and outer vertical setae not visible, possibly absent. Thorax 0.46 mm long, 0.38 mm high; postnotum without visible setae, and no visible longitudinal median groove; surface of scutellum without visible setae; acrostichals and dorsocentrals not visible, probably absent; scutal tubercle present; scutum without median longitudinal groove; epimeron II, posterior mesanepisternum II and dorsal antepronotum bare; no lanceolate setae on scutum; antepronotal lobes not widely separated; anapleural suture distinct. Wing macropterous, 0.84 mm long, 0.26 mm wide, hyaline, membrane bare. Costa ending just beyond insertion of last branch of radius, distinctly shorter than cross-vein RM. Radius with only 3 branches R 1 , R 2+3 , and R 4+5 ; R 2+3 well separated from R 1 and R 4+5 , R 2+3 not forked into R 2 and R 3 , ending in costa; R 1 and R 4+5 elongate, separated from costa until apex; area between costa and R 4+5 broad. Only M 1+2 and M 3+4 present; cross-vein MCu absent; Cu 1 nearly straight. Anal vein An 2 absent; squama without setae. Halter 0.12 mm long. Figs 10–12. Lebanorthocladius furcatus gen. et sp. n. , holotype 5B: (10) wing, scale bar = 0.5 mm; (11, 12) dorsal and ventral aspects of male genitalia, scale bar = 0.1 mm. Fore femur length 0.34 mm , tibia 0.36 mm , tarsus 0.62 mm ; mid femur 0.34 mm , tibia 0.44 mm , tarsus 0.5 mm ; hind femur 0.38 mm , tibia 0.48 mm , tarsus 0.6 mm . All tarsomeres of fore, middle and hind legs cylindrical, not cordiform; first tarsomere of fore leg distinctly shorter than fore tibia. Hind tibia with one spur and a comb comprised of basally separated spines. Fore coxa not enlarged. Abdomen 1 mm long, 0.16 mm wide. Gonostylus hinged to gonocoxite and folded inward; short and bifurcate. Gonocoxite with numerous long setae, elongate. Superior (?) volsella large, digitiform; no median volsella and no apparent inferior volsella.Anal point sharp and long, 0.4 mm wide at base, 0.07 mm high. Holotype : Specimen 5 B, male. LEBANON : Mont Lebanon district [ Mouhafazit Jabal Loubnan ]: Hammana / Mdeyrij, Caza Baabda; Early Cretaceous ( D. Azar coll.). Other material studied: Specimen 574 I, male, with genital organs missing, from the same locality and possibly also belonging to this species. Discussion: This species belongs to the subfamily Orthocladiinae because of the following characters: wing present; cross-vein MCu absent; first tarsomere of fore leg distinctly shorter than fore tibia; hind tibia with one spur and a comb comprised of basally separated spines; gonostylus hinged to gonocoxite and folded inward; antepronotal lobes not widely separated; fore coxa not enlarged; anapleural suture distinct ( Oliver 1981 ; Oliver & Dillon 1989 ). Except for the key to Holarctic genera of Cranston et al. (1989) , and the key to Palaearctic genera in Saether et al. (2000) , there is no recent world revision of the orthocladiine genera. Few recent genera have a double, forked, or broad triangular gonostylus, as in Lebanorthocladius gen. n. , viz. Aagaardia Saether, 2000 , Brillia Kieffer, 1913 , Diplosmittia Saether, 1981 , Plhudsonia Saether, 1982 , Propsilocerus Kieffer, 1923 (= Tokunagayusurika Sasa, 1978 ), Zalutschia Lipina, 1939 , some Chaetocladius Kieffer, 1911 , some Parachaetocladius Wülker, 1959 , and one Orthocladius van der Wulp, 1847 . Brillia , Diplosmittia , Plhudsonia and Propsilocerus have a double gonostylus. Lebanorthocladius differs from all of the other genera by the following combination of characters: straight Cu 1 , very short costal extension, and R 4+5 ending opposite to apex of M 3+4 . All genera except Aagaardia also have setae on squama and all lack a scutal tubercle. The volsellae are of the type found in the Brillia group of genera, present, for instance, in Eurycnemus van der Wulp, 1874 (Fittkau 1974; Saether 1982 , 2000 b ; Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay 1989 ; Cranston et al. 1989 ; Kawai 1991 ; Kobayashi & Sasa 1991 ; Niitsuma 1991 ; Saether & Wang 1992 , 1996; Andersen & Saether 1993 a , b ; Saether &Andersen 1993 , 1995; Saether & Ferrington 1993 ; Kobayashi 1994 ; Boothroyd 1994, 1999; Boothroyd & Cranston 1994 ; Epler & de la Rosa 1995 ; Ferrington & Saether 1995 ; Oliveira et al. 1995 ; Saether & Kristoffersen 1996 ; Harrison 1997 , 2000; Wiedenbrug & Fittkau 1997 ; Wang & Saether 1998, 2002; Cranston & Edward 1999 ; Saether & Ekrem 1999 ; Yamamoto 1999 ; Cranston 2000 ; Maheshwari & Maheshwari 2001 ; Mendes et al. 2004 a , b ).