A new avocado pest in Central America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with a key to Lepidoptera larvae threatening avocados in California Author Gilligan, Todd M. Author Brown, John W. Author Hoddle, Mark S. text Zootaxa 2011 3137 31 45 journal article 45739 10.5281/zenodo.204440 3adb68b0-b73e-48f4-a667-d9cbe60e627b 1175-5326 204440 Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner) ( Tortricidae : Tortricinae ) The carnation tortrix, Cacoecimorpha pronubana , was discovered feeding on winter daphne ( Daphne odora Thunb.) in California in early 2011 (M. Epstein, pers. comm.). A native of northern Africa, this species was first documented from North America in Oregon in 1964 ( Powell 1969 ), and it is also present in Washington (E. LaGasa, pers. comm.). Larvae are highly polyphagous, having been recorded from more than 160 species of plants in 42 families (Razowski 2002). Wyoski and Izhar (1976) reported C. pronubana as a pest of avocado in Israel in the early to mid-1970s, causing surface damage to fruit in orchards.