Bearing the wrong identity: A case study of an Indo-Pacific common shallow water sponge of the genus Neopetrosia (Haplosclerida; Petrosiidae) Author Setiawan, Edwin Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. Author Erpenbeck, Dirk Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. & GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany Author Wörheide, Gert Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. & GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany & SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie Author De Voogd, Nicole J. Marine Biodiversity, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden the Netherlands & Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands icole.devoogd@naturalis.nl text Zootaxa 2018 2018-10-15 4500 1 43 58 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.1.2 1175-5326 5318940 DA7B9679-C66F-4768-A8D1-84BA1A992F64 Neopetrosia chaliniformis ( Thiele, 1899 ) Figure 1A , 2A , 3A , Table 1 Petrosia chaliniformis Thiele, 1899: 21 , Pl. 2, Fig. 9; Pl. 5, Fig. 15 Material examined: Holotype : ZMB2889 , Indonesia , North Sulawesi , Kema , Minahasa. Description (amended from Thiele 1899 ): Sponge consists of several fragments. Frequently found in the form like plates with branches. Branches have a diameter of 5- 6 mm . Size of osculum is measured 1-2 mm . Height is measured in average of 12 cm . Consistency. Hard to touch, crumbly. Colour. Chocolate brown and light brown in alcohol. Skeleton. Skeleton has structure of isodictyal tangential spicule network with one size of spicule. Spicules. Oxeas in a range of 100- 140.8 -165 µm x 7.5- 9.9 -12.5 µm. Remarks: Thiele (1899) remarked that the specimen was more properly related to the genus Petrosia rather than in Pellina because it has an easy removable epidermal layer, however he was not certain about placing the specimen in the genus Petrosia because its consistency was more elastic than in typical Petrosia . Likewise, Thiele observed that the skeletal structure of the specimen is similar to that of Reniera or Rhizochalina . Nevertheless, similarities between genera mentioned by Thiele are no longer relevant given that Reniera and Pellina were transferred to several genera within the family Petrosiidae e.g., Petrosia , Haliclona , Rhizochalina (the latter renamed Oceanapia, World Porifera Database, van Soest et al . 2017 ).