Taxonomy of the bryozoan genera Oncousoecia, Microeciella and Eurystrotos (Cyclostomata: Oncousoeciidae)
Author
Taylor, Paul D.
Author
Zatoń, Michał
text
Journal of Natural History
2008
2008-10-31
42
39 - 40
2557
2574
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930802277640
journal article
10.1080/00222930802277640
1464-5262
5224276
Genus
Microeciella
Taylor and Sequeiros, 1982
Type
species
.
Microeciella beliensis
Taylor and Sequeiros, 1982
,
Jurassic
,
Toarcian
,
Belchite
,
Spain
.
Figure 7.
Microeciella suborbicularis
(
Hincks, 1880
)
. (A, B, C, D, G) Lectotype (NHM 99.5.1.1427a); (A) overgrown colony origin; (B) autozooids and three gonozooids; (C) typical gonozooid; (D) aberrant gonozooid with subterminal ooeciopore (G) autozooidal frontal wall showing pseudopores. (E, F) gold-coated specimen figured by
Hayward and Ryland (1985b
, Figure 32A) as
Eurystrotos compacta
(
Norman, 1867
)
; (E) subcircular colony; (F) gonozooid. Scale bars: 1 mm (F); 500 mm (A, B); 200 mm (C, D, E); 50 mm (G).
Diagnosis
Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar, sheet-like, initially fan-shaped, generally becoming subcircular, occasionally flabellate, not branching; some species developing marginal subcolonies; all polymorphs fixed-walled with pseudoporous calcified exterior walls. Autozooids simple, tubular, apertures circular or elliptical, more or less regularly spaced, neither connate nor aligned in rows, peristomes moderate in length; terminal diaphragms often present in older zooids. Gonozooids longitudinally elongated, ovoidal, only slightly larger than autozooids, the densely pseudoporous and bulbous brood chamber roof not penetrated by autozooidal peristomes; ooeciopore terminal or subterminal, circular or transversely elliptical, a little smaller than an autozooidal aperture; ooeciostome short, straight, not adnate to an autozooidal peristome. Kenozooids lacking or sporadic.
Remarks
The spot- or sheet-like colony-form of
Microeciella
enables it to be distinguished from
Oncousoecia
in which colonies consist of ramifying oligoserial branches with tapered branch edges formed by kenozooids. Autozooidal and gonozooidal morphology are, however, essentially identical in the two genera. Although considerable within-species variability in colony-form has been documented in cyclostomes, especially by
Harmelin (1973
,
1976
), this seldom if ever includes transitions between encrusting colonies with ramifying oligoserial branches and those with non-ramifying, subcircular spot- or sheet-like colonies. Therefore, the use of colony-form to distinguish between
Oncousoecia
and
Microeciella
is justifiable given our present state of understanding.
Two Lower Jurassic species from
Spain
were initially placed in
Microeciella
, the
type
species
M. beliensis
Taylor and Sequeiros, 1982
and
M. reflexa
Taylor and Sequeiros, 1982
. Subsequently, a few other Jurassic and Cretaceous species have been assigned to the genus:
M. duofluvina
(
Cuffey and Ehleiter, 1984
)
and
M. pollostos
Taylor and Wilson, 1999
from the Middle Jurassic of the western
USA
, and
M. livingstoni
Taylor and McKinney, 2006
from the Upper Cretaceous of
Alabama
. Un-named species of
Microeciella
have also been recorded from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of
Poland
(
Hara 2007
; Hara and Taylor in review; Taylor in press), while
M. matisconensis
Walter, 1970
from the French Middle Jurassic also belongs in
Microeciella
. Reassignment of additional fossil and recent species to
Microeciella
is probable after the gonozooidal morphology of the numerous species attributed to
Berenicea
has been established.
Distribution
This genus is known at the present day from both the northern hemisphere (northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean) and the southern hemisphere (
Antarctica
and
New Zealand
), and has a geological range extending back to the Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian).