DNA barcoding and morphology reveal exceptional species diversity of Scoparia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from the Hailuogou Glacier area, China Author Li, Wei-Chun Author Liu, Dong text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2014 2014-07-24 171 4 732 752 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12154 journal article 276299 10.1111/zoj.12154 ac6b79e4-82fb-494a-ace7-a9326b2126f7 0024-4082 5311621 SCOPARIA TRIBULOSA LI SP. NOV. ( FIGS 1–2 , 3B , 4B , 7A–B ) Diagnosis Very similar to Scoparia uncinata Li, Li & Nuss, 2010 and S. longispina sp. nov. in the male genitalia capsule, but distinguished easily from the two species by the characters of cornuti: the new species with one spineshaped and two small thorn-shaped cornuti attached on a broad and short sclerotized plate in the phallus ( Fig. 4B ); in S. uncinata , the phallus only with a thin and long cornutus ( Li, Li & Nuss, 2010: 18 , figs 17– 18); in S. longispina sp. nov. , the cornuti composed of a long spine and a shorter spine ( Fig. 4C ). This species is also similar to Scoparia jiuzhaiensis Li, Li & Nuss, 2010 in the whole impression of the female genitalia, but its signum and appendix bursae are well developed ( Fig. 7A–B ); in S. jiuzhaiensis , the signum and appendix bursae are absent ( Fig. 8C ). Description Adult ( Fig. 3B ): Forewing length 8.0–9.0 mm. Frons and vertex white mixed with pale brown. Patagium, thorax, and tegula pale brown mixed with white. Forewing suffused with blackish brown scales; antemedian line lined with dense black scales on outer side, slightly convex near middle, curved inwards near dorsum; antemedian stigmata stripe-like; distal discoidal stigma 8-shaped; postmedian line waved, meeting costa and dorsum perpendicularly; subterminal line distinctively concave at middle, convex near dorsum; fringe white, pale brown near base. Hindwing white; fringe white, mixed with pale brown near apex. Abdomen grey. Figure 6. A–C, male genitalia of of Scoparia spp. A , Scoparia globosa Li sp. nov. , holotype, prep. gen. no. LW12007; B–C, Scoparia annulata Li sp. nov. ; B, holotype, prep. gen. no. LW12014; C, paratype, prep. gen. no. LW12026. Figure 7. A–C, female genitalia of Scoparia spp. A –B, Scoparia tribulosa Li sp. nov. , paratypes; A, prep. gen. no. LW12016; B, prep. gen. no. LW13020; C, Scoparia gibbosa Li sp. nov. , holotype, prep. gen. no. LW12009. Figure 8. A–C, female genitalia of Scoparia spp. A –B, Scoparia metaleucalis Hampson, 1907 ; A, prep. gen. no. LW13044; B, prep. gen. no. LW12049; C, Scoparia jiuzhaiensis Li, Li & Nuss, 2010 , prep. gen. no. LW12036. Figure 9. A–C, female genitalia of Scoparia spp. A , Scoparia brevituba Li, Li & Nuss, 2010 , prep. gen. no. LW12032; B, Scoparia globosa Li sp. nov. , paratype, prep. gen. no. LW12025; C, Scoparia annulata Li sp. nov. , paratype, prep. gen. no. LW12022. Figure 10. Map of China showing the topography and localities where Scoparia spp. are recorded, the coloured dots indicate the recorded localities and species numbers. Male genitalia ( Fig. 4B ): Uncus narrow at base, broadening towards middle, then tapering to blunted apex. Gnathos a bit shorter than uncus, pointed tip with small hook. Valva narrow at base, broadening towards rounded apex; costa with small process near base, conspicuously convex near middle. Sacculus gently concave at distal one-third of ventral margin. Juxta ovate. Phallus straight, about three-quarters as long as valva; one spine-shaped and two small thorn-shaped cornuti attached on a broad and short sclerotized plate. Female genitalia ( Fig. 7A, B ): Papillae anales nearly as long as apophysis posterior. Tergite 8 about onethird as long as apophysis anterior. Antrum tubular, about half as long as colliculum, covered with dense granules. Colliculum convex laterally, much thicker than posterior part of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae thin and long. Corpus bursae ovate, covered with dense spines on left side; signum well-developed, composed of small thorns of various size; appendix bursae ovate. Holotype Male: China , Sichuan , Hailuogou Glacier , near no. 1 glacier, ∼ 3000 m a.s.l. , 18 August 2012 , W . Li and L . Huang leg., prep. gen. no. LW12027 , DNA no. L 13064 ( Figs 1 and 2 ). Paratypes Fourteen males and forty-nine females, same locality as the holotype except dated 15–18 August 2012 , prep. gen. nos LW12016 , LW12039 , LW12041 , LW12052 , LW13004 , and LW13020 , and DNA nos L 13065, L 13066, L 13067, L 13068, L 13069, and L 13070 ( Figs 1 and 2 ) . Distribution China ( Sichuan ). Etymology of specific epithet From the Latin tribulosus (= tricuspid), referring to the cornuti that is tricuspid distally in the male genitalia. Remarks The female genitalia of this species varied in the characters of colliculum and corpus bursae: the colliculum of most specimens is conspicuously convex near the middle, the corpus bursae is covered with dense tiny spines on the left half, and bears a stripe-like signum on right area ( Fig. 7A ), but individual differences were shown by the colliculum slightly convex near anteri- or tip, the bursae covered with bigger spines on the left one-third, and the signum nearly ovate ( Fig. 7B ). The different characters can be confirmed to intraspecific variability based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, three COI sequences (DNA nos. L13067, L13068, and L13069) of the common female specimens and one COI sequence (DNA no. L13070) of the individual female specimen were represented by a well-supported cluster ( Figs 1 and 2 ).