The identity of the treehopper genus Dysyncritus Fowler, with descriptions of new related taxa (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Heteronotinae) Author Evangelista, Olivia Author Flórez-V, Camilo Author Sakakibara, Albino M. text Zootaxa 2014 3847 4 495 532 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3847.4.2 4c89c286-dd28-48d3-8828-bb16d00abac1 1175-5326 249922 46E41A86-A877-4690-80D9-1C91149A4F8E Allodrilus alboferrugineus Evangelista sp. nov. Figures 10–12 , 26–27 , 38 , 48–49 , 79–86 . Diagnosis . Vertex yellow, except for frontoclypeus, entirely dark brown, apex blunt; pronotum low, ferruginous, with irregular yellow patch on lateral margins, and pre-apical yellow ring; forewings with transversal dark band at mid-length. Males with VIII esternite rectangular; subgenital plate pear-shaped, heavily constricted at mid-length; lateral plate excavated medially, with bifurcate tooth-like dorsal projection; branches of aedeagus apophysis bifurcate pre-apically, glabrous apically. Description . Holotype female. Color: vertex mostly yellow, slightly ferruginous between superior margin and ocelli; frontoclypeus and ventral side of head entirely dark brown. Pronotum ferruginous, metopidium with narrow yellow stripe on basal median carina, fading shortly after; large irregular yellow patch on lateral margins, from postocular lobes to posterior process, abruptly enlarged at mid-length, extended until posterior third; apex of posterior process with pre-apical transverse yellow ring. Forewings hyaline, coriaceous areas dark brown, membrane with transverse dark band approximately at middle, extended from apex of first basal cell, occupying most part of clavus; veins light yellow to dark brown, lacking spots. Legs yellow, apex of meso- and metathoracic tibia slightly ferruginous. Ventral side of thorax and abdomen yellow. FIGURES 79–86. Allodrilus alboferrugineus Evangelista sp. nov. (paratype male, MZSP): 79–80. Abdomen, lateral and ventral view, respectively. 81. Pygofer, lateral view; 82. Pygofer, caudal view (subgenital plate removed); 83. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 84–85. Aedeagus and style, respectively, lateral view; 86. Hind tibia, lateral view (setal rows indicated). Head: vertex pentagonal, as wide as long; ocelli closer to eyes than to each other; area below ocelli strongly depressed and concave, lower margins of suprantennal ledges and frontoclypeus feebly sinuate in frontal view, distinctly curved forwards in fronto-lateral view; frontoclypeus exceeding half of its length below lower margins of suprantennal ledges, tapering to rounded apex. Pronotum: median carina prominent, slightly elevated, not keeled anteriorly at metopidium in frontal view; metopidium low, curvilinear above humeral angles in lateral view; humeral angles triangular, slender; dorsum low, regularly arched from metopidium to apex of posterior process, feebly constricted apically; posterior process laterally compressed past mid-dorsum, gradually tapering to triangular apex, narrow and acute, reaching apex of fifth apical cell (but not fourth); postocular lobes elongate and flat. Wings: forewings with coriaceous areas occupying approximately one-third of clavus, one-fourth of R and first basal cell; discoidal cell pentagonal. Paratype male: smaller than female, otherwise identical. Laterotergites IV–VII weakly lamellar, not as laterally projected as in other Allodrilus species; VIII sternite elongated, rectangular, upper margin feebly arched. Subgenital plate pear-shaped: narrower and truncate basally, heavily constricted before middle, where lobes separate; lobes moderately elongate, slightly narrowed towards rounded apex. Lateral plate swollen, medially excavated in lateral view, showing ventral tubercle-like projection, and nearly rectangular dorsal projection with two sharp teeth, basal tooth bifid (with unequally sized spines, upper tooth almost indistinct); in caudal view, projections not deflected inwards. Aedeagus U-shaped, shaft bearing ventral pair of spines, one pair at each side; aedeagal apophysis with one pair of dorsal spines approximately at mid-length (one spine at each side); arms of apophysis curved upwards, bifid apically, with lower branch approximately three-fourths as long as upper branch, apex sharp and glabrous. Styles elongate, swollen ventrally, shank abruptly narrowed apically, tip curved into small hook. Distribution . GUYANA (Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Pakaraima Mountains [unknown municipality]), BRAZIL (Amapá: Serra do Navio; Amazonas: São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, Benjamin Constant; Pará: Santa Isabel do Pará, Óbidos, Belém, Santarém; Rondônia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, Chupinguaia, Vilhena; Mato Grosso: Sinop), COLOMBIA (Vaupés: Apaporis River [unknown municipality]). Measurements . Paratype male / holotype female (mm): body length: 4.17/4.83; pronotal length: 3.42/4.08; maximum height of pronotum: 1.08/1.17; length of tegmina: 3.42/4.17; pronotal width: 1.58/1.83; head width: 1.58/1.75; vertex width: 0.92/1.00; vertex length: 0.92/1.00. Examined material . Holotype female from BRAZIL : Amazonas: ‘Ipixuna—AM; Rio \ Gregório; Com. Lago \ Grande, Seringal \ Recreio \ 7°10’6”S 70°49’6”W’ , ‘145m—sweep \ 18–23/V/2011 \ Cavichioli, Gonçalves & \ Takiya’ ( DZUP ). Paratypes from: GUYANA : Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Pakaraima Mountains [unknown municipality], ‘Brit. Guiana : \ n[ea]r Mazaruni Hd. \ Pakaraima M[oun]t[ain]s. \ 1932, J. G. Myers’ (02 female paratypes : each with one of the following labels: ‘H. 3079’ and ‘H. 3068’) ( BMNH ). COLOMBIA : Amazonas: Apaporis River [unknown municipality], ‘Columbien \ Soratama \ Apaporis \ März 1952’, ‘leg. L. Richter \ Eing. Nr. 18 \ 1958 \ 02552’ (02 female paratypes ) ( ZMUH ). BRAZIL : Rondônia: Ouro Preto do Oeste: ‘ BRAZIL : Rondonia State, \ Ouro Preto do Oeste \ igarapé Mandi 6- \ 12.vii.1995 malaise \ Rafael & Vidal’ ( 1 female paratype ) ( INPA ); Chupinguaia: ‘ BRASIL , RO, Guaporé \ 121605 S—604230W \ 23.iv.2006 J. A. Rafael &. \ F. F. Xavier F° arm luz’ ( 1 female paratype ) ( INPA ); Vilhena: ‘Vilhena, RO \ 15/XI/1956 \ C. Elias leg. \ POLONOROESTE’ ( 2 female paratypes ) ( DZUP ). Amapá: Serra do Navio, ‘Ter. Amapá \ Serra Navio \ Bicelli cel. \ IX 59 ’, ‘COLEÇÃO \ J. LANE’ (01 male paratype ) ( MZSP ). Amazonas: São Gabriel da Cachoeira: ‘Rio Negro \ S[ão]. Gabriel’, ‘Sv. Amaz.-/ Exp. \ Roman’, ‘5 Jan’, ‘Riksmuseum / Stockholm’ (01 female paratype ) ( NHRS ); Santa Isabel do Rio Negro: ‘Tapururuquara \ Rio Negro, AM \ 26–27.XI.1962 \ J. Bechyné col.’ ( 1 female paratype ) ( MZSP ); São Gabriel da Cachoeira: ‘Maturacá, AM \ alto rio Cauaburi \ 17–20.i.1963 \ J. Bechyné col.’ ( 1 female paratype ) ( MZSP ); Benjamin Constant: ‘ BRASIL \ Benj. Constant \ rio Javary \ alto Amazonas \ Dirings[hofen leg.] \ [reverse side] OUT 1962’ (01 female paratype ) ( MZSP ). Pará: Santa Isabel do Pará: ‘Sta. Isabel do Pará \ PA, Brasil \ 30.III.1962 \ J. Bechyné col.’ ( 1 female paratype ) ( MZSP ); Belém, ‘Belém, Pará \ H. F. Sauer, leg. \ 10-X- 38 ’, ‘Coleção \ PINTO DA \ FONSECA’, ‘ Smiliorachis variegata Fairm. ’ (02 male paratypes : one male dissected) ( MZSP ); Óbidos: ‘ Brasil \ Obidos \ Pará \ bx. \ Amazonas \ Museu DIRINGS[hofen leg.] \ [reverse side] JUL 1960 ’ ( 4 females , one female with collection date ‘ MAR 1961 ’) ( MZSP ); ‘ BRASIL \ Canta Galo \ (Obidos) \ Para Dirings \ [reverse side] SET 1960 ’ (07 female paratypes , one female with collection date ‘ OUT 1959’, and 0 4 males ) ( MZSP ); ‘ BRASIL \ Obidos \ (Traira) \ Esto. Para \ DIRINGS’ (05 female paratypes , of which 0 2 are labeled: ‘ DEZ 1962 ’, 0 1 is labeled ‘ MAR 1962 ’, 0 1 is labeled ’ FEV 1960 ’, and 0 1 is labeled ‘3.1961’) ( MZSP ); ‘ BRASIL \ Traira \ Municipio de Obidos \ Estado do Para \ DIRINGS \ [reverse side] XII.1963 ’ (01 female paratype ) ( MZSP ); Santarém: ‘Faz. Taperinha \ prox. Santarém, PA \ 1–11.II.1968 \ Exp. Perm. Amaz.’ (01 female paratype ) ( MZSP ); [unknown municipality]: ‘ BRAZIL : \ Pará \ June 1935 \ G. V. Vredenburg’, ‘Brit. Mus. \ 1935- 615.’ (01 male paratype ) ( BMNH ). Mato Grosso: Sinop: ‘Sinop—MATO GROSSO BR X/1975 \ M. Alvarenga leg.’ ( 1 female paratype ) ( DZUP ). Additional material : paratype of Cymbomorpha nitidipennis Funkhouser, 1922 [undetermined sex, severely damaged, only forewings and legs preserved]: ‘Para / Brazil / July 30, 1919 ’, ‘[blue label] W.D. Funkhouser / Paratype / Cymbomorpha / nitidipennis / W.D. Funkhouser’, ‘WD Funkhouser / Collection / 1962” ( USNM ). Notes on type specimens . Holotype glued to a pinned paper point, in excellent state of preservation. Paratypes in similar condition (a few males with wings, legs, or genitalia dissected, and placed in small vials with glycerine, pinned with specimen). Remarks . A. alboferrugineus sp. nov. shows conspicuous features that greatly differ from most species in the genus: the strongly concave head with entirely dark frontoclypeus, the general coloration of the pronotum, and the transverse dark band on forewings. It superficially resembles A. colombiensis sp. nov. in overall coloration and pronotal shape, however, the male genitalia in A. alboferrugineus sp. nov. also exhibits several unique features, for instance, the bifid process on lateral plate, spines on aedeagus, and bifid branches of aedeagal apophysis. Specimens studied that vary in pronotal coloration show a pair of yellow longitudinal bands, one next to each side of median carina, extended from base of metopidium towards the apex, merging with lateral bands on the apical third, in dorsal view ( Figs. 10–12 , 26–27 , 48–49 ); the median carina and a thin strip of adjacent area are ferrugineous. In these specimens the pronotum seems mostly yellow, with testaceous longitudinal bands, however the male genitalia are identical. Etymology . The specific epithet ‘ alboferrugineus ’, derived from the Latin words ‘ albus ’ and ‘ ferrugineus ’, refers to the white and rust coloration of the pronotum.