A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence Author Liu, Fei-Fei 0000-0001-6468-2774 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China & College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China & liufeifei @ mail. kib. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6468 - 2774 liufeifei@mail.kib.ac.cn Author Wu, Gang 0000-0002-0076-5957 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China & wugang @ mail. kib. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0076 - 5957 wugang@mail.kib.ac.cn Author Yang, Zhu L. 0000-0001-9745-8453 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China & fungi @ mail. kib. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9745 - 8453 fungi@mail.kib.ac.cn text Phytotaxa 2023 2023-01-06 578 2 141 157 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1 journal article 226686 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1 befbae83-d377-4a7a-b088-015670c70c8b 1179-3163 7517836 Phlegmacium violaceorubens (Moënne-Locc. & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat. , Fungal Divers. 112: 155, 2022 Figs. 2G , 3G 1–G 4. ≡ Cortinarius violaceorubens Moënne-Locc. & Reumaux [as ‘ violaceo-rubens ’], Atlas des Cortinaires, Pars II (Annecy): 27, 1990 MycoBank: MB 559092 Description:— Pileus 4 cm , hemispherical to convex, first viscid but soon dry, coarsely innately fibrillose, deep violaceous brown. Lamellae adnate, 3–5 mm broad, crowded (L = 100–120, l = 1–2), deep blue. Stipe 6 cm long, 2 cm thick at apex, 3.5 cm wide at the base, bulbous with a rounded bulb, pale blue to violaceous brown, ornamented with violaceous brown fibrils; basal mycelium pale blue. Context pale blue in pileus, blue with a brownish tint at stipe apex, whitish with a pinkish tint on exposure at stipe base. Basidiospores [20/1/1] 8–10 × 6–6.5 μm, av. 8.68 × 6.12 μm, Q = (1.23–)1.32–1.53(–1.67), Qav. = 1.42, ellipsoid, strongly verrucose. Basidia (35–)40–50(–54) × 8–10 μm, 4-spored, clavate, mostly colorless, hyaline. Cystidia absent. Lamellar trama hyphae 3–5 μm wide, mostly colorless, smooth. Stipe hyphae 4–8(–9) μm wide, colorless to ochraceous yellow, smooth. Pileipellis duplex, the upper layer (80–110 μm thick) gelatinous, composed of narrow, yellow to ochraceous yellow, smooth, thin-walled, long-celled hyphae measuring 1.5–2(–3) μm wide; lower layer composed of interwoven to parallel cylindrical, brownish yellow to yellow, thin-walled hyphae measuring 5–10(–13) μm wide. Clamp connections common in all parts of basidioma. Habitat and distribution:—Solitary to scattered on soil in forests dominated by Picea . Autumn. Currently known from France , Germany , Sweden , Finland ( Liimatainen et al. 2014 ), and northwestern China (this study). Specimen examined:— CHINA . Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region : Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture , Zhaosu County , in a forest with Picea , altitude 2237 m , 5 August 2021 , Liu-Kun Jia 1929 ( KUN-HKAS124254 ) Notes:— Phlegmacium violaceorubens is mainly characterized by its slightly viscid violaceous brown pileus with abundant fibrils, deep blue lamellae, rounded bulb and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 8–10 × 6–6.5 μm. This species grows in Picea -dominated forests. Phlegmacium violaceorubens is close to P. cyanites (Fr.) M.M. Moser (1960: 337) and P. boreicyanites (Kytöv., Liimat., Niskanen & A.F.S. Taylor) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022: 141) . However, P. cyanites is separated by its larger basidioma, greyish blue to greyish brown pileus, and narrower basidiospores (8.8–10.9 × 5.2–6.3 μm, Q = 1.59–1.84, Qav. = 1.66–1.77). In addition, P. cyanites grows in mixed forests of coniferous and deciduous trees ( Liimatainen et al. 2014 ). Phlegmacium boreicyanites has a pale greyish brown pileus, more abundant universal veil-forming girdles on the stipe, and narrower basidiospores (9.1–10.4 × 5.4–6.3 μm, Q = 1.58–1.80, Qav. = 1.66–1.73). It grows in boreal mixed forests of Picea , Betula , and Populus ( Liimatainen et al. 2014 ) .