Two new Lycoperdon species collected from Korea: L. albiperidium and L. subperlatum spp. nov. Author Kim, Chang Sun Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea Author Jo, Jong Won Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea Author Kwag, Young-Nam Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea Author Sung, Gi-Ho Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea Author Han, Jae-Gu Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 55365, Korea Author Shrestha, Bhushan Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea Author Oh, Soon-Ok Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea Author Kim, Sang-Yong Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea Author Shin, Chang-Ho Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea Author Han, Sang-Kuk Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea text Phytotaxa 2016 2016-05-11 260 2 101 115 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.2.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.2.1 1179-3163 13668872 Lycoperdon albiperidium C.S. Kim , sp. nov. , Fig. 4 MycoBank:—MB 814888 FIGURE 4. Fruiting bodies and microscopic observation of Lycoperdon albiperidium . a–c. Fruiting bodies of KA12-1210 ( a ) and KA12- 1551 ( b , c ). d. Eucapillitial threads (KA12-1551) in CL. e. Paracapillitial threads (KA12-1551) in 3% KOH. f. Eucapillitial threads (KA12-1551) in 3% KOH. g. Exoperidial elements (KA12-1551) in 3% KOH. h. Inflated elements in endoperidium (KA12-1551) in 3% KOH. i. Basidiospores in CL (KA12-1551). Scale bars: a–c = 3 cm, d–i = 10 μm. Photos by C.S. Kim & S-.K. Han. Diagnosis:—This species has a well-developed pseudostipe; numerous rhizomorphs attached to substrate; exoperidium verrucae with smallish spines, entirely white to grayish when young, becoming grayish yellow to pale yellow when old; basidiospores globose to subglobose, very faintly ornamented to faintly verrucose; fragile eucapillitial threads with abundant pores. It is similar to L. ericaeum but clearly distinguished by ITS, RPB2, and TEF1 sequences. Etymology:—Referring to the white (= album ) peridium before it is fully mature. Holotype :— KOREA . Chungnam Province , Geumsan-gun, Jewon-myeon, Mt. Jinak , coll. Han et al ., 25 September 2012 ( KA12-1551 ), deposited in KH. Description:—Basidiomata 20–40 mm diameter, 35–60 mm high, pyriform to turbinate, pseudostipitate well-developed, occasionally plicate at pseudostipe, numerous rhizomorphs attached to substrate. Exoperidium verrucae with smallish spines (less than 0.5 mm ), entirely white to grayish when young, becoming grayish yellow to pale yellow when old. Endoperidium yellowish brown to brown, papery. Gleba grayish brown to dark brown at maturity, pulverulent. Subgleba grayish yellow to violaceous gray. Solitary to gregarious. Basidiospores 3.7–4.2 × 3.6–4.1 μm, length/width ratio 1.0–1.1 (n = 30), globose to subglobose, very faintly ornamented to faintly verrucose (A–B in the sense of Demoulin 1972a , b), short pedicel present (<1.6 μm long), pale yellow in 3% KOH. Basidia not observed. Capillitium of Lycoperdon - type ; eucapillitial threads 3.0–5.4 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 1.3 μm), fragile to subelastic, aseptate, straight to subundulate, occasional dichotomous branching, abundant pores present, yellow to pale brownish in 3% KOH; paracapillitial threads present, 3.0–4.2 μm diam., thin-walled, straight to subundulate, septate, hyaline in 3% KOH. Exoperidium composed of sphaerocysts, 16–27 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 2.6 μm thick), hyaline to pale yellow in 3% KOH. Endoperidium composed of tightly interwoven hyphal elements, containing inflated elements resembling sphaerocysts with reticulate patterns, thin-walled (up to 1.0 μm thick), hyaline in 3% KOH. Habitat.—On rich humus and mixed conifer-hardwood forests. Other specimen examined:— KOREA . Chungnam Province , Geumsan-gun, Chubu-myeon, Mt. Seodae, coll. Han et al. , 29 August 2012 ( KA12-1210 ), deposited in KH. Comments:—Specimens of this species were reported as L.spadiceum Pers. (now L.lividum Pers. ) by some amateur mycologists in Korea ( Park & Lee 2011 ; The Korean Society of Mycology 2013 ). However, their reported specimens substantially differed from the descriptions of L. lividum by several mycologists ( Table 2 ; Breitenbach & Kranzlin 1986 ; Bates 2004 ; Bates et al . 2009 ; Cortez et al . 2013 ). Lycoperdon lividum is characterized by small basidiomata ( ca . 10–30 mm ; subpyriform to obpyriform); a furfuraceous exoperidium often appearing as mealy squamules; and a scanty sterile base. However, Lycoperdon albiperidium is bigger than L. lividum , and has a well-developed plicate pseudostipe. In addition, they are clearly distinguished by ITS sequences ( Fig. 1 ). Phylogenetically, L. albiperidium is closely related to L. ericaeum , but they are morphologically distinguishable, especially by the basidiocarp shape, eucapillitial thread diameter, and size of basidiospores ( Table 2 ). In addition, the records of L. ericaeum are from dry grasslands on acidic soil, but L. albiperidium is collected from on rich humus and mixed conifer-hardwood forests.