Cretaceous Scolebythidae and Phylogeny of the Family (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) Author ENGEL, MICHAEL S. Author GRIMALDI, DAVID A. text American Museum Novitates 2007 2007-05-16 3568 1 1 16 http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2007)475%5B1%3ACSAPOT%5D2.0.CO%3B2 journal article 3668 10.1206/0003-0082(2007)475[1:CSAPOT]2.0.CO;2 3202c158-e1c4-4cbf-835f-3c1435527f6c 0003-0082 4735338 Zapenesia , new genus TYPE SPECIES : Zapenesia libanica , new species . DIAGNOSIS: Small wasps (between 2 and 3 mm in total body length). Head elongate; frontal prominence absent; clypeal apex straight; malar space more than one-half basal mandibular width; face lateral to antennal torulus gently depressed; compound eyes relatively small, length only slightly more than distance from upper tangent of compound eyes to preoccipital ridge; inner margins of compound eyes parallel; ocelli far behind upper tangent of compound eyes, arranged in an equilateral triangle; occipital carina absent; pronotal collar absent, dorsal surface of pronotum shortened, at most 0.5 times as long as mesoscutum; propleura well developed, anteriorly forming a short neck; notauli faintly impressed but present and complete; prosternum large, exposed, broadly triangular posteriorly; parapsidal lines absent; mesoscutum separated from mesoscutellum by transverse furrow, furrow arching anteriorly medially; metanotum short; metapostnotum evident; forewing with open marginal cell; Rs long, much longer than pterostigma, terminating near anterior wing margin, tubular over entire length; R 1 absent beyond pterostigmal apex; pterostigma of relatively moderate size, margin within marginal cell convex; 1m-cu absent; Rs+M nebulous; Cu distad separation from M nebulous; no submarginal cells (only costal, radial, and first cubital cells closed); metafemur not flattened; tibial spur formula 1-2-2; pretarsal claws simple; sixth metasomal sternum without specialized polished area. Fig. 4. Dorsal and lateral views of Boreobythus turonius , new genus and species , in New Jersey amber (AMNH). Ocelli are likely present but are obscured by layer of Schimmel over face (position of setae, however, can be ascertained as they stick through and above this layer). ETYMOLOGY: The genus-group name is a combination of za (Greek, ‘‘very’’) and Apenesia (the genus of bethylid wasps that the first fossil scolebythid, i.e., P . primaeva , was believed to be ancestral to). The name is feminine. COMMENTS: While the Early Cretaceous genera such as Libanobythus and Uliobythus are reminiscent in habitus of the Cenozoic Pristapenesia , Zapenesia and Boreobythus have the typical habitus of a generalized chrysidoid. Zapenesia is apparently more derived than Boreobythus as evidenced by the reduced pronotal dorsal surface and the reduced wing venation.