Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species Author Kobayashi, Shigeki 0000-0002-1336-4730 crossroad1994@hotmail.co.jp Author Johns, Chris A. 0000-0002-1749-3847 Author Kawahara, Akito Y. 0000-0002-1749-3847 text Zootaxa 2021 2021-03-17 4944 1 1 175 journal article 7393 10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1 8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62 1175-5326 4681813 380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0 Philodoria costalis Swezey, 1934 Figs. 10A , 57A, B , 61I–N . Philodoria costalis Swezey, 1934: 524–525 ; Zimmerman 1978a: 708 , figs. 462, 469, 476. Type locality. Makaha ridge, 3000 ft , west side of Mount Kaala (Oahu) . Type material. Lectotype ♂, Makaha ridge, 3000 ft , west side of Mount Kaala, Waianae Mountains, Oahu, 15.iv.1934 , O.H. Swezey Collecter, [host:] Pipturus , | Holotype | Philodoria costalis Sewezey Det. by O. H. Swezey| Type no. 4269 in BPBM (here designated). Paralectotypes 2♂, 2♀ , same locality and data as lectotype, | Paratype | 34153/Z-XII-20-60-2♂, SK 652♀ |♂ paratype to ECZ 7-17-61[= 17.vii.1961 ]| BPBM 34154, SK683♂| BPBM 34155, SK 653♀ | BPBM 34156. Described from presumably six specimens that Swezey (1934) examined, reared from numerous mines on Pipturus . One specimen was labeled ‘holotype’ and five others as ‘paratypes’. Given the manner in which the descriptions were written, Swezey likely considered these specimens to be the holotype and paratypes . But as a holotype was not specified in the description, the so-labeled holotype and paratypes are all to be considered syntypes under Article 73.2 of the Code ( ICZN 1999 ), and any one is thus eligible for designation as lectotype under Article 74 of the Code ( ICZN 1999 ). The ‘ Holotype , type no. 4269’, which Swezey indicated as holotype in the specimen label, is here designated as lectotype ( Fig. 10A ). The remaining syntypes are paralectotypes . Diagnosis. Swezey (1934) noted that this species is very similar to Philodoria micropetala Walsingham , but it is distinguishable by the white costal line and the lack of fuscous scales along middle of apical orange area ( Fig. 10A ). The forewing pattern and genitalia are similar to that of P. pipturiella Swezey , but distinguished by the rather oblong forewing with a small white spot at middle ( Fig. 10A ); the straight base of valva; and a rather short ductus bursae. FIGURE 25. Adults of Philodoria ureraella ( Swezey, 1915 ) and P. opuhe sp. n. A P. ureraella paralectotype (sex unknown) one of four cotypes on the same mount (upper left specimen on mount), B lectotype male (lower left specimen on mount), C P. opuhe holotype male (upper right specimen on mount), D P. opuhe paratype (sex unknown, lower right specimen on mount), E Types of P. ureraella and P. opihe on type mount 213 (BPBM) (= four cotypes of ‘ P. ureraella ’ by Swezey). Scale bar 1 mm. Redescription: Adult ( Fig. 10A ). Wingspan 7–8 mm ; forewing length 3.5 mm in lectotype , 2.4–3.0 mm in paralectotypes . Head tawny brown; frons white; maxillary palpus reduced; labial palpus white shaded with brownish externally on apex of median joint and most of the terminal joint. Antenna uniformly light brown, about 1.25 x length of forewing. Thorax and abdomen tawny brown, white beneath. Forewing tawny brown, suffused with orange patches at apical portion; a broadly oval to nearly circular white spot ( ws ) about middle or just beyond middle of fold, not reaching dorsum; a narrow white line ( cl ) on costa from base to about 2/3; white costal spot ( cs ) at 2/3, this line enclosing fuscous scales; two white bands on both extremities of shiny pale blue color band ( bb 3 ): w 1 at costal 1/4, bent w 2 near opposite at dorsal 1/4; another blue apical spot ( as ) extending into apical cilia; costal cilia with two white spots ( a, b ), rest of apical and the terminal cilia brown. Hindwing and cilia brownish fuscous. Legs light brown, white beneath. Male genitalia ( Fig. 61J–N ). See Zimmerman (1978a : fig. 469). Tegumen 0.8–0.9 x length of valva; valva rather short, tapering along costal margin from 1/2 to apex with short spines at basal region; apical half digitiform, near straight; along the inner side of valva, a series of small spines ( Fig. 61J, L ). Saccus short and tapering toward the point ( Fig. 61K ). Phallus rather short and thick with two series of minute cornuti in vesica ( Fig. 61M ). Female genitalia ( Fig. 57A, B ) (n=2). 900 µm long. Ostium bursae large; antrum cup-shaped with a pair of slender lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis 160 µm , weakly sclerotized, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae 300–350 µm ; terminus of ductus bursae biforked; corpus bursae oblong, 520 µm ; paired rows of wrinkles running longitudinally, some sclerotized. Distribution. Oahu ( Swezey 1934 ). Host plants. Urticaceae : Pipturus sp. ( Swezey 1934 ). Biology. Unknown, other than that an oval brown cocoon has been reported to be situated on the surface of a leaf ( Swezey 1934 ).